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Diseases Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Bacillus cerus
(fried rice syndrome)

A
  • emetic (vomiting) = 1-6 hours
  • diarrhea = 10-16 hours
  • improperly cooled rice/starchy foods
  • heat labile (diarrhea) + heat stable (vomiting)
  • facultative bacteria; soil bacteria
  • spore forming
    we B. Cerious about our rice
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2
Q

Clostridium botulinum
(floppy baby syndrome)

A
  • 4-36 hours
  • improperly canned foods/dented/improperly packaged ROP/garlic in oil
  • soil bacteria; anaerobic bacteria
  • spores destroyed at 240F for 35 minutes
  • neurotoxin
  • types of toxins
    a/b= soiled vegetables
    c= birds, turtles, and horses
    d= cattle sheep
    e= canned seafood products
    g= sudden death
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3
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
(listeriosis)

A
  • Gastrointestinal = 9-48 hours
  • soft cheeses, deli meat, sushi
  • spontaneous abortion
  • can grow in low temps (35F)
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4
Q

Clostridium perfringens
(cafeteria bug)

A
  • 8-16 hours
  • improperly cooled beans (lard cap –> anaerobic)
  • soil bacteria, anaerobic bacteria
  • intoxication, exotoxin
  • spore forming
  • highly heat labile
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5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus
(most common foodborne intoxication)

A
  • 1-8 hours
  • unrefrigerated/improper holding temperatures –> picnic food
  • on your skin naturally
  • Gram negative
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6
Q

Ciguatera poisoning
(ciguatoxin)

A
  • 6-8 hours
  • large reef fish that consume dinoflagellates (filter feeders)
  • barracuda, grouper, red snapper, moray eel, amberjack, sea bass, Spanish mackerel
  • numbness/tingling
  • heat stable
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7
Q

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)

A
  • 10-30 minutes
  • saxitoxin
  • prickly lips/tongue
  • red tide (May-October) –> Gonyaulax Catenella
  • consuming shellfish/mussels
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8
Q

Scombroid poisoning
(histamine toxin)

A
  • immediate-30 minutes
  • peppery/metallic taste
  • tuna, mahi, mackerel, bonito - spiny fish
  • picking a good fish: not stinky, eyes glossy/fresh, not slimy, flash frozen to kill parasites
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9
Q

Campylobacter jejuni
(most prevalent foodborne illness)

A
  • 2-4 days
  • most prevalent foodborne illness & cause of diarrhea in the U.S.
  • raw/undercooked beef/poultry, unpasteurized milk & untreated water
  • soil bacteria
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10
Q

Escherichia Coli
(Enterohemorrhagic) 0157:H7

A
  • 1-8 days
  • Shigatoxin, Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
  • undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, raw vegetables
  • hemolytic uremic syndrome from shigatoxin (kidney failure –> jaundice)
  • bloody stool
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11
Q

Leptospira interrogans
(Leptospirosis & Weil’s disease)

A
  • 4-19 days
  • rat urine in food, open skin contact
  • UV light detects urine
  • bacteria
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12
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
(Listeriosis)

A
  • 2-30 days
  • soft cheeses, deli meats, smoked fish
  • spontaneous abortion
  • bacteria
  • resistant to heat, cold, drying, salt
  • grows between 37F-130F
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13
Q

Salmonella typhi
(Typhoid fever–> Typhoid Mary)

A
  • 8-14 days
  • direct human contact with patient/carrier, shellfish, raw fruits/vegetables
  • may be asymptomatic
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14
Q

Salmonella typhimurium
(Salmonella enteritis)
(most common foodborne infection)

A
  • 1-3 days
  • contamination of raw vegetables, poultry, eggs
  • aerobic bacteria
  • destroyed over 130F
  • grows between 41F-116F
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15
Q

Shigella dysenteriae
(Bacillary dysentery)

A
  • 24-48 hours
  • ice on cruise ships BUT more diarrhea
  • fecal/oral food and water
  • vomiting in some cases
  • bloody stools
  • aerobic bacteria
  • heat labile
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16
Q

Norovirus
(Winter vomiting bug, Norwalk virus)

A
  • 24-36 hours
  • most common cause of gastroenteritis
  • ice on cruise ships BUT more vomiting, undercooked shellfish
  • common in community settings
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17
Q

Trichinella spiralis
(Trichinosis, Pork worm)

A
  • 1-2 days
  • undercooked pork
  • transmission parasitic infection
  • redness on eyelids & inner eye infection
  • roundworms move in your body
  • nematode parasite; intestinal roundworm
  • freeze mets below 13F for more than 10 days to destroy cysts
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18
Q

Entamoeba histolytica
(Amebiasis, Amebic dysentery)

A
  • 2-4 weeks
  • ovacyst, raw veggies, flies
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19
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides
(Roundworm)

A
  • 2 months
  • contaminate soil & raw veggies, dust inhalation
  • infects small intestine, lung infections, migrates to organs
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20
Q

Cryptosporidium
(Day Care Disease)

A
  • 2-10 days
  • swimming pools & toys at daycares
  • watery diarrhea
  • resist chlorination in day water
  • occasionally found at daycares
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21
Q

Giardia Lamblia
(Day Care disease & Hikers disease)

A
  • 6-22 days
  • contaminated drinking water
  • daycare employees
  • loose pale stools
  • upper small bowel and cyst
  • common in lakes and rivers
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22
Q

Enterobius Vermicularis
(Enterobiasis & Pinworm)

A
  • 3-6 weeks
  • anal itching
  • fecal/oral
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23
Q

Taenia spp.
(Taeniasis & Tapeworm)

A
  • 8-14 weeks
    i. Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
    migrates to central nervous system
    ii. Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
    typically stays in digestive tract, can travel
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24
Q

Vibrio cholerae
(Cholera)

A
  • 24-72 hours
  • contaminated food, water, shellfish; sewage
  • rice water stools
  • aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria
  • labile enterotoxin
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25
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP)
- 2-48 hours - raw or undercooked seafood - labile enterotoxin (withstands 140F up to 15 mins)
26
Vibrio vulnificus (VV)
- 1-7 days - raw oysters - seafood in warm water - fatal with liver disease - lesions on extremities --> amputation - grows between 68F-104F
27
Rickettsia burneti (Coxiella burnetii; Q-fever)
- 14-21 days - raw milk from infected cow - most heat resistant indicator of pasteurized milk --> if still present after pasteurization, then pasteurization was not successful
28
Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep Throat, Scarlet Fever)
- 1-3 days - airborne droplets w/food or milk - contact with mucous from infected host - toxic shock-like syndrome & swollen lymph nodes - causes Bovine mastitis
29
Poliovirus (Poliomyelitis)
- 3-6 days onset for nonparalytic, 7-21 days onset for paralytic - fecal/oral or droplets from sneeze/cough - no cure, only vaccine - paralysis (most severe symptom)
30
Rickettsia Prowazekii
- (Jailhouse fever, Typhus fever, Epidemic typhus) - ~12 days - louse (Pediculus humanus) poops in wound - killed most of Napoleon troops - common in community living
31
Rickettsia Typhi (Rickettsia mooseri, Endemic typhus, Murine typhus)
- 6-14 days - bite of infected Oriental rat flea (Xenophylla cheopis) on roof rat or norway rat - milder symptoms than epidemic typhus - typically in temperatures under 85F
32
Rickettsia Rickettsii (Rocky mountain spotted fever)
- 3-10 days - bite of infected wood/dog tick (Dermacentor Andersonii) - rash spreads
33
Rickettsia Tsutsugamushi (Scrub typhus & Mite borne typhus)
- 10-12 days - bite of infected larval mite (chigger) - pushed out skin ulcer and bloodshot eyes
34
Borrelia Recurrentis (Relapsing fever)
- ~8 days - infected tick/louse (Pediculus humanus) at bite wound or open skin abrasion - fever relapses
35
Borrelia Burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
- ~7 days - bite of a deer tick - bullseye rash (concentric rings)
36
Yersinis Pestis (Bubonic plague, Pneumonic plague = Black death)
- 2-6 days - Infected Oriental rate flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) i. Bubonic = causes buboes swollen lymph nodes ii. Septicemic = plague causing gangrene iii. Pneumonic = highly contagious affects respiratory system
37
Alphavirus
a. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) - 4-10 days - infected Culiseta melanura from birds and rodents - brain dysfunction ---> coma --> death - meningitis b. Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) - 5-10 days - infected Culex tarsalis mosquito from birds and rodents - paralysis --> coma --> death - meningitis
38
Flavivirus
a. St. Louis Encephalitis - 5-15 days - infected Culex tarsalis or Culex pipens from birds and rodents - meningitis b. West Nile Virus - 2-14 days - infected Culex tarsalis from birds and rodents - joint pain, fever, vomiting c. Yellow Fever (hemorrhagic fever) - 3-6 days - infected Aedes spp. or Haemagogus spp. - jaundice, organ failure, bleeding d. Zika Virus - 3-14 days - infected Aedes - can be passed through pregnancy - can cause birth defects e. Dengue - 4-10 days - infected Aedes - kinda like a cold, 1 in 4 persons affected - makes your bones ache
39
Coltivirus (Colorado Tick Fever)
- 4-5 days - bite of an infected ADULT tick (wood tick Dermacentor Andersoni) - rodents = main reservoir - fever recurring 2-3 days - dengue-like without rash
40
Leishmania (Leishmaniasis)
- no incubation period - bite of an infected sandfly - bumps/lumps, skin sores, ulcers, affects internal organs
41
Onchocera volvulus
- (Onchocerciasis, River Blindness, Parasitic Worm) - 1-2 years - bite of an infected black fly - breed in moving water - blindness and visual impairment if microfilariae reach eyes - Nodules (filarial worms)
42
Plasmodium vivax (Malaria, Falciparum = Malignant Tertian Malaria & Cerebral Malaria)
- 12-14 days - bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito - Falciparum (most lethal)
43
Trypanosoma Cruzi
- (Chagas Disease, American Trypanosomiasis, Kissing Bug Disease) - bite of an infected triatomine bug - poops at location of bite wound - swelling at bite area, may result in severe inflammation of heart muscle or brain - like to bite around mouth and lips
44
Trypanosmoa Gambiense
- African Sleeping Sickness & African Trypanosomiasis - bite of an infected Tsetse fly - muscle/joint aches, affects central nervous system causing possible partial paralysis
45
Wuchereria Bancrofti
- (Wucheriasis & Filariasis & Roundworm) - bite of an infected Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles mosquito - causes Elephantiasis, lymph enlargement of extremities
46
Sarcoptes Scabiei
- (Scabies) - 1-4 days - transfers from clothing to bedding by infected host - sexual contact with infected host - skin lesions around finger webs, wrists, elbows, belt line, and external genital areas - infected through scratching
47
Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis & Parrot Fever)
- 4-15 days - inhalation of infected bird discharge (any discharge)
48
Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease & Pontiac fever)
- 2-10 days - water droplets from AC units, misting systems & cooling towers - if no pneumonia --> Pontiac fever
49
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- (Tuberculosis) - 4-6 weeks - from overcrowding & poor ventilated areas - coughing blood & chest pain
50
Bacillus anthracis
- (Anthrax & Wool Sorter's disease) - 1-5 days - from dry soil and contaminated sheep - upper respiratory attack - treat hide with 10% formalin solution to get rid of anthrax - spore former
51
Blastomyces dermatitidis
- (Blastomycosis & GilChrist's disease) - 7-30 days - from inhaled dust - affects prostate and visceral organs - yeast fungus - spore former
52
Coccidiodes immitis
- (Valley & Desert fever) - 1-3 weeks - from inhaled soil/vegetation during wind and dust storms - soil fungus - spore former
53
Brucella abortus (Brucellosis & Veterinarian's disease)
- 5-21 days - improperly pasteurized milk i. Humans --> Undulant fever ii. Cattle --> Bang's disease iii. Dogs --> Kennel cough
54
Hantavirus (Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome)
- 5-42 days; avg 12-16 days - inhaled rodent (Deer mice) urine/fecal - bloody discharge & kidney disorder - affects the lungs
55
Histoplasmosis capsulatum (Darling's disease)
- 5-18 days - inhaled bat urine/poop or chicken coops - causes lung lesions - soil fungus; yeast fungus
56
Francis Tularensis (Tularemia & Rabbit/Deer fly fever)
- 1-10 days - Wood/dog ticks from rabbits or bite of deer fly - infected lymph nodes
57
Hepatitis A (infectious hepatitis)
- 30 day onset - foodborne fecal/oral - oysters/clams near sewage - light colored stool - liver necrosis --> jaundice
58
Hepatitis B (serum hepatitis)
- bloodborne from contaminated hypodermic needles - liver infection & liver cirrhosis --> jaundice
59
Hepatitis C (serum hepatitis)
- bloodborne from contaminated hypoderic needles - jaundice & liver failure
60
Hepatitis E
- fecal/oral from contaminated water - inflammation of liver, jaundice
61
Lentivirus (HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus) (AIDS - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
- from exchange of human bodily fluids - retrovirus is a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell - two treatments to prevent HIV 1. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) 2. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
62
Rabies (Lyssavirus)
- 3-6 weeks - infected animal with contaminated claws/bite (bats, skunks, dogs, fox) - causes hydrophobia, foaming of the mouth, throat spasms - vaccine = DEV (Duck Embryo Virus) or RIG (Rabies Immunoglobulin) - can check brain for Negri bodies after death - once symptoms are present it's too late, death is certain
63
Toxoplasma gondii (Taxoplasmosis)
- from cat feces & contaminated food - makes you love your cat more
64
Ancylostome duodenale and Necator americanus
- (Ancylostomiasis, Necatoriasis, Hook worm) - 7-10 days (hatch), 1 month (maturity) - infected human feces, bores into humans foot when stepping on dirt, eggs can survive waste water treatment, sludge digestion - anemia, intestinal bleeding and blockages - ancylo --> hook in Spanish
65
Schistosome spp. (Schistosomiasis, Swimmer's itch, Flatworm, Blood Fluke)
- 4-6 weeks - Fresh water snails --> birds eat them --> birds poop in water --> contaminated fresh water - rash, itchy skin, chronic --> enlarged liver
66
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- 1-5 days - saunas, swimming pools, inadequately chlorinated hot tubs - rash, ear infection
67
Candida albicans (Candida tropicalis-more pathogenic, thrush, Moniliasis, Candidiasis)
- 2-5 days - contact with excretions from infected person - fungal infection on skin or mucous membranes, ulcers, in the esophagus, gastrointestinal tract or bladder, produces lesions in organs
68
Microsporum and Trichophyon (Athlete's Foot; Ringworm)
- Ringworm is not a real worm --> fungal - direct or indirect contact with infected person, contaminated floors and shower stalls (athlete's foot) - cracking skin, moist, or dry cracking lesions
69
Anasakiasis (Roundworm)
- few hours - infected raw fish, undercooked fish - bloody stool, anaphylaxis - worms can attach to esophagus and tickle back of throat
70
Vesicular Exanthema
- from garbage that is fed to pigs - cook garbage to 212F for 30 mins

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