Distillation Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is distillation?
A separation process that relies on differences in boiling points of components in a mixture.
True or False: Distillation can only be used for separating liquids.
False
Fill in the blank: The process of heating a liquid to create vapor and then cooling the vapor to create a liquid is known as ______.
distillation
What is the primary purpose of distillation?
To separate and purify components of a mixture.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of distillation? A) Simple B) Fractional C) Vacuum D) Filtration
D) Filtration
What is simple distillation best used for?
Separating liquids with significantly different boiling points.
True or False: Fractional distillation is used for separating mixtures with close boiling points.
True
Name one application of distillation in the petroleum industry.
Crude oil refining.
What is the role of a distillation column?
To provide surface area for vapor and liquid to interact, enhancing separation.
Fill in the blank: In vacuum distillation, the pressure is ______ to lower the boiling points of the liquids.
reduced
What is azeotrope in the context of distillation?
A mixture that has a constant boiling point and composition throughout the distillation process.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an advantage of using vacuum distillation? A) Higher boiling point B) Lower energy consumption C) Reduced risk of thermal decomposition D) All of the above
C) Reduced risk of thermal decomposition
What is the purpose of a condenser in a distillation apparatus?
To cool vapor back into liquid form.
True or False: The distillate is the liquid collected after condensation.
True
What is the difference between the distillate and the residue?
The distillate is the vapor that has been condensed, while the residue is the remaining liquid in the distillation flask.
Fill in the blank: The process of separating components based on their different boiling points is called ______.
distillation
What is the significance of boiling point in distillation?
Boiling point determines the order of separation of components.
Multiple Choice: Which type of distillation is best for purifying a liquid with a boiling point close to that of its impurities? A) Simple B) Fractional C) Steam D) Vacuum
B) Fractional
What is steam distillation used for?
Extracting essential oils from plant materials.
True or False: Distillation can be used to separate soluble solids from liquids.
False
What is the main advantage of distillation as a separation technique?
High purity of separated components.
Fill in the blank: In distillation, the component with the ______ boiling point vaporizes first.
lower
What is the purpose of using a fractionating column?
To enhance the separation of components with close boiling points.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors does NOT affect the efficiency of distillation? A) Temperature B) Pressure C) Volume of liquid D) Type of mixture
C) Volume of liquid
