Diuretics

Question 1

Acetazolamide category

Answer 1

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Question 2

uses of acetazolamide

Answer 2

Diuretic,

Anticonvulsant,

Question 3

brand name acetazolamide

Answer 3

Diamox

Question 4

dose of acetazolamide for edema

Answer 4

Edema- 250-375 mg

Question 5

dose of acetazolamide for epilepsy

Answer 5

Epilepsy-

8-30 mg/kg/day

Question 6

dose of acetazolamide for metabolic acidosis

Answer 6

Metabolic acidosis- 500 mg

Question 7

onset of acetazolamide

Answer 7

5-10 minutes

Question 8

peak of acetazolamide

Answer 8

15 minutes

Question 9

DOA acetazolamide

Answer 9

4-5 hours

Question 10

uses of acetazolamide

Answer 10

Treatment of glaucoma,
 edema,
 epilepsy, 
acute mountain sickness, 
metabolic acidosis

Question 11

metabolism of acetazolamide

Answer 11

Distribution to erythrocytes,

kidneys.

crosses BBB.

Question 12

elimination of acetazolamide

Answer 12

urine

Question 13

major adverse effects of acetazolamide

Answer 13

Acidosis, 
bicarbonaturia, 
hypokalemia, 
paresthesias, 
renal stones

Question 14

contraindications of acetazolamide

Answer 14

Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides,
hepatic disease,
low sodium or potassium levels

Question 15

Ethacrynic acid category

Answer 15

loop diuretic

Question 16

dose of ethacrynic acid

Answer 16

0.5-1 mg/kg/dose

Question 17

max dose of ethacrynic acid

Answer 17

(MAX- 100 mg/dose)

Question 18

onset of ethacrynic acid

Answer 18

5 minutes

Question 19

peak of ethacrynic acid

Answer 19

30 minutes

Question 20

DOA ethacrynic acid

Answer 20

2 hours

Question 21

uses of ethacrynic acid

Answer 21

Treatment of edema r/t CHF
hepatic cirrhosis,
renal disease

Question 22

metabolism of ethacrynic acid

Answer 22

hepatic

Question 23

elimination of ethacrynic acid

Answer 23

feces and urine

Question 24

major adverse s/e ethacrynic acid

Answer 24

Hypocalcaemia
hypokalemia
hypomagnesaemia
alkalosis
ototoxicity (

Question 25

contraindications of ethacrynic acid

Answer 25

Anuria, severe watery diarrhea, infants

Question 26

what is unique about ethacrynic acid as a loop diuretic

Answer 26

Only loop diuretic with no cross reactivity to sulfonamides or sulfonylureas

Question 27

Furosemide category

Answer 27

loop diuretic

Question 28

furosemide dose

Answer 28

20-40 mg/dose IV

Question 29

furosemide onset

Answer 29

5 minutes

Question 30

DOA furosemide

Answer 30

2 hours

Question 31

uses of furosemide

Answer 31

Treatment of HTN and edema r/t CHF hepatic cirrhosis renal disease acute pulmonary edema (improves before diuretic effect)

Question 32

metabolism of furosemide

Answer 32

minimally hepatic | binds to albumin

Question 33

elimination of furosemide

Answer 33

feces and urine

Question 34

adverse reactions of furosemide

Answer 34

``` Hypocalcaemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, metabolic alkalosis, ototoxicity ```

Question 35

conditions contraindicated with furosemide

Answer 35

SLE, Digoxin use, Allergy to sulfonamides, sulfonylureas, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and thiazides

Question 36

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) category

Answer 36

thiazide diuretic

Question 37

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) dose PO

Answer 37

12.5-100 MG PO

Question 38

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) onset

Answer 38

Diuresis 2 hrs

Question 39

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) peak

Answer 39

1-5 hrs

Question 40

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) DOA

Answer 40

6-12 hrs

Question 41

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) uses

Answer 41

``` Treatment of HTN and edema r/t CHF hepatic cirrhosis renal disease corticosteroid estrogen therapy ```

Question 42

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) metabolization

Answer 42

not metabolized

Question 43

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) excretion

Answer 43

urine

Question 44

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) major adverse effects

Answer 44

``` Hypocalcaemia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypomagnesaemia, hypovolemia, allergy, hyperlipidemia, sexual d/f, alkalosis, ototoxicity ```

Question 45

Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ)

Answer 45

Allergy to sulfonamides or sulfonylureas, anuria

Question 46

mannitol category

Answer 46

Osmotic diuresis

Question 47

mannitol dose

Answer 47

0.25-1 g/kg/dose q 6-8 hrs PRN

Question 48

mannitol onset

Answer 48

1-3 hrs

Question 49

mannitol DOA

Answer 49

1.5-6 hrs

Question 50

mannitol uses

Answer 50

``` Early oliguria, early brain edema, post ischemic ARF, neurosurgery, GU irrigant in TURP resection, severe traumatic brain injury ```

Question 51

metabolism mannitol

Answer 51

Hepatic to glycogen

Question 52

excretion mannitol

Answer 52

urine

Question 53

major s/e mannitol

Answer 53

Pulmonary edema in pts w/ HF, fluid/e- imbalance, acute tubular necrosis

Question 54

contraindications mannitol

Answer 54

Severe renal impairment, active intracranial bleed, heart failure, pulmonary congestion, anuria,

Question 55

Spironolactone category

Answer 55

Potassium sparing diuretic,

Question 56

spironolactone MOA

Answer 56

antihypertensive, selective aldosterone blocker

Question 57

spironolactone dose

Answer 57

25-200 mg PO

Question 58

spironolactone onset PO

Answer 58

2-3 days PO

Question 59

spironolactone peak

Answer 59

3-4 hrs

Question 60

spironolactone DOA

Answer 60

2-3 days

Question 61

spironolactone uses

Answer 61

Management of edema r/t excessive aldosterone w/CHF, HTN, | hyperaldosteronism,

Question 62

spironolactone metabolism

Answer 62

hepatic

Question 63

spironolactone major a/e

Answer 63

``` Acidosis, azotemia, gynecomastia, hepatotoxicity, hyperkalemia, ```

Question 64

spironolactone contraindications

Answer 64

Anuria, acute renal insufficiency, impairment of renal excretion, hyperkalemia, Addison’s disease