Diuretics

Question 1

What is the site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 1

proximal convoluted tubues

Question 2

Drug of choice in mountain sickness

Answer 2

Acetazolamide

Question 3

[carbonic anhydrase inhibitor]

used to treat glaucoma

Answer 3

acetazolamide

Question 4

[carbonic anhydrase inhibitor]

used to treat edema with alkalosis

Answer 4

acetazolamide

Question 5

The site of calcium and magnesium reabsorption

Answer 5

thick ascending loop of henle

Question 6

sodium reabsorption in the loop of henle is due to this transporter

Answer 6

Na/K/2Cl

Question 7

diuretic that can cause ototoxicity

Answer 7

furosemide

Question 8

what are the side effects of loop diuretics?

Answer 8

Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allergy to sulfa
Nephritis
Gout

Question 9

What pain reliever that decreases the efficacy of furosemide?

Answer 9

NSAIDS

Question 10

The site of action of thiazide diuretics is ___

Answer 10

distal convoluted tubule

Question 11

The distal convoluted tubule actively pumps sodium and chloride out of the lumen of the nephron via this carrier

Answer 11

Na/Cl

Question 12

diuretic that can be used in nephrogenic diabetc insipidus

Answer 12

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 13

what are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

Answer 13

hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hyperuricemia
Hypercalcemia

Question 14

Thiazide diuretics cause hyperglycemia by

Answer 14

causes hyperpolarization of the ATP dependent K channels (pancreatic beta cells and blood vessel) resulting to decreased insulin release

Question 15

site of action of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 15

cortical collecting ducts

Question 16

the primary site of acidification of urine is located here

Answer 16

cortical collecting ducts

Question 17

____ are steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic receptor in cortical collecting ducts. reduces K secretion

Answer 17

spironolactone

Question 18

can be used to treat hyperaldoseteronism

Answer 18

spironolactone

Question 19

diuretic that can cause gynecomastia

Answer 19

spironolactone

Question 20

diuretic that can cause BPH and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

Answer 20

spironolactone

Question 21

diuretic that is beneficial with CHF since it helps in the management of cardiac remodeling

Answer 21

spironolactone

Question 22

K sparing diuretic that inhibits ENaC epithelial sodium channels in the cortical collecting duct, reduces Na reabsorption and K excretion

Answer 22

amiloride

Question 23

What supplements should not be given to patients taking amiloride?

Answer 23

potassium supplements

Question 24

What are the potassium-sparing diuretics?

Answer 24

Spironolactone
Triamterene
Amiloride
Eplerenone

Question 25

Drugs that can cause gynecomastia

Answer 25

``` Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole ```

Question 26

Mannitol retains water in the tubule by reducing water reabsorption in the ____

Answer 26

proximal tubule descending limb of henle collecting ducts

Question 27

diuretic of choice for rhabdomyolysis

Answer 27

mannitol

Question 28

site of location of antidiuretic hormone

Answer 28

medullary cortical duct

Question 29

___ are examples of ADH agonist

Answer 29

Desmopressin | Terlipressin

Question 30

diuretic of choice for central diabetes insipidus

Answer 30

Vasopressin

Question 31

diuretic of choice for nocturnal enuresis

Answer 31

vasopressin

Question 32

drug of choice for von Willebrand disease

Answer 32

desmopressin

Question 33

what clotting factor increases when taking vasopressin

Answer 33

Factor VIII

Question 34

Antidiuretic hormone shown to cause uterine contractions and increased uterine pressure in early pregnancy and may decrease uterine blood flow

Answer 34

terlipressin

Question 35

Example of V1a and V2 receptor antagonist

Answer 35

``` Conivaptan Tolvaptan Lixivaptan Demeclocycline Lithium ```

Question 36

Diuretic used to treat SIADH

Answer 36

ADH antagonist - Conivaptan

Question 37

ADH antagonist that can cause bone and teeth abnormalities

Answer 37

demeclocycline

Question 38

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics] Urine Na Serum Na

Answer 38

Urine Na increases | Serum NaCl decreases

Question 39

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: K sparing] Urine K Serum K

Answer 39

Urine K decreased to normal | Serum K increased to normal

Question 40

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: in general] Urine K Serum K

Answer 40

Urine K increased | Serum K decreased

Question 41

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: loop diuretics] Urine Ca Serum Ca

Answer 41

Urine Ca increased in loop diuretics Serum Ca decreased in loop diuretics

Question 42

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: thiazides] Urine Ca Serum Ca

Answer 42

Urine Ca decreased | Serum Ca increased

Question 43

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: K sparing] pH

Answer 43

alkalemia; also prevents K secretion

Question 44

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: thiazide] pH

Answer 44

alkalemia

Question 45

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: loop] pH

Answer 45

alkalemia

Question 46

[Electrolyte changes after taking diuretics: acetazolamide] pH

Answer 46

acidemia due to decreased HCO3 reabsorption

Question 47

dual endothelin receptor antagonist used in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension

Answer 47

bosentan

Question 48

sympahtholytic antihypertensive drug acts as an alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist and 5HT1 A receptor agonist

Answer 48

urapidil

Question 49

beta 2 adrenoceptor agonist, direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle; treatment of premature labor and vasodilator for cerebral vascular inusffficieny

Answer 49

isoxuprine

Question 50

used to treat cerebral apoplexy, post trauma cerebral symptoms, cerebral arteriosclerosis

Answer 50

cinnarazine