Diversity of the Microbial World (Part 1) Flashcards by Secret acc

Taxonomy
• (Greek ______ - arrangement or order, to distribute or govern).

taxis

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______
• science of classifying and naming organisms.

Taxonomy

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Taxonomy
• Consists of three separate but interrelated parts:

Classification
Nomenclature
Identification

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Taxonomy
• Consists of three separate but interrelated parts:

______ - arrangement of organisms into groups

Classification

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Taxonomy
• Consists of three separate but interrelated parts:

______ - assignment of names to taxonomic groups

Nomenclature

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Taxonomy
• Consists of three separate but interrelated parts:

______ - determination of taxon to which an isolate belongs

Identification

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MICROBIAL TAXONOMY

______
• uses the formal taxonomic ranks of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

Linnaean taxonomy

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Linnaean taxonomy
VERY SPECIFIC TO VERY GENERAL:

SPECIES
GENUS
FAMILY
ORDER
CLASS
PHYLUM
KINGDOM

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______
• Form the basis for the organization of bacteria

Taxonomic Ranks

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Taxonomic Ranks

The basic taxonomic group in microbial taxonomy is the ______.

species

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Taxonomic Ranks

A ______ is a collection of strains that share many stable properties and differ significantly from other groups of strains.

prokaryotic species

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Taxonomic Ranks

A ______ consists of the descendents of a single and pure microbial culture.

strain

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Taxonomic Ranks

A ______ is a well-defined group of one or more species that is clearly separate from other genera.

genus

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Taxonomic Ranks

Microbiologists name microorganisms by using the ______.

binomial system of Linnaeus

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Taxonomic Ranks

Microbiologists name microorganisms by using the binomial system of Linnaeus.
-first part, ______ (______ name)

capitalized, generic

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Taxonomic Ranks

Microbiologists name microorganisms by using the binomial system of Linnaeus.
-second part, ______ (______ name)

uncapitalized, species

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA

GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA:

Phylum Proteobacteria
PHYLUM CHLAMYDIA
Phylum Spirochetes
Phylum Bacteriodetes

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

______
• the largest and most diverse group of bacteria.

Phylum Proteobacteria

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

______
• they are all Gram neg. and share common 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences.

Phylum Proteobacteria

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Phylum Proteobacteria

There are five distinct classes of proteobacteria, designated by the first five letters of the Greek alphabet-______, ______, ______, ______, and ______.

alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Phylum Proteobacteria

______
• typically aerobes

Class Alphaproteobacteria

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Phylum Proteobacteria

______
• capable of growing at very low nutrient levels.

Class Alphaproteobacteria

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Phylum Proteobacteria

______
• They may be rods, curved rods, spirals, coccobacilli, or pleomorphic.

Class Alphaproteobacteria

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA
GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA

Phylum Proteobacteria

Pathogenic Alphaproteobacteria:

Rickettsia
Coxiella

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THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Alphaproteobacteria ______ • a genus of small, Gram-negative, aerobic rods that live and reproduce inside mammalian cells.

Rickettsia

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Alphaproteobacteria ______ • a require a vector for transmission from host to host.

Rickettsia

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Alphaproteobacteria ______ • remains within the phagosome after it has fused with a lysosome and actually reproduces within the phagolysosome.

Coxiella

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria ______ • Diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria

Class Betaproteobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria ______ • Thrive in habitats with low levels of nutrients.

Class Betaproteobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria ______ • Differ from alphaproteobacteria in their rRNA sequences

Class Betaproteobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria:

Neisseria Bordetella Burkholderia

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria ______ • Gram-negative diplococci that inhabit mucous membranes of mammals.

Neisseria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria ______ • They may have capsules and fimbriae.

Neisseria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria ______ • A chemoorganotroph that requires organic sulfur and nitrogen (amino acids) for growth.

Bordetella

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria ______ • gram-negative, aerobic, nonfermentative, nonsporing, mesophilic straight rods

Burkholderia

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Pathogenic Betaproteobacteria ______ • all are motile with a single polar flagellum or a tuft of polar flagella except for a single species

Burkholderia

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Other Betaproteobacteria:

• Thiobacillus • Zooglea • Sphaerotilus

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria ______ • largest and most diverse class of proteobacteria

Class Gammaproteobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria ______ • every shape, arrangement of cells, metabolic type, and reproductive strategy is represented in this group.

Class Gammaproteobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria ______ • include a wide variety of metabolic types.

Class Deltaproteobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Deltaproteobacteria include a wide variety of metabolic types:

Desulfovibrio Bdellovibrio Myxobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Deltaproteobacteria include a wide variety of metabolic types: ______ - a sulfate-reducing microbe that is important in recycling sulfur in the environment.

Desulfovibrio

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Deltaproteobacteria include a wide variety of metabolic types: ______ - attacks and destroys other Gram-negative bacteria in a complex and unusual way.

Bdellovibrio

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Deltaproteobacteria include a wide variety of metabolic types: ______ - soil-dwelling bacteria with a unique life cycle, the individuals cooperate to produce differentiated reproductive structures.

Myxobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria ______ • smallest of the five proteobacterial classes

Class Epsilonproteobacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Epsilonproteobacteria • have one order, ______, and three families ______, ______, and the recently added ______.

Campylobacterales, Campylobacteraceae, Helicobacteraceae, Nautiliaceae

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Epsilonproteobacteria ______ - both nonpathogenic and pathogenic for humans and other animals

Campylobacter

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Epsilonproteobacteria ______ - associated with ______ (pathogens or their toxins in the blood) to ______ (inflammation of the intestinal tract)

Campylobacter, septicemia, enteritis

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Proteobacteria Class Epsilonproteobacteria ______ - major human pathogen which causes gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

Helicobacter (Helicobacter pylori)

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA The gram-negative ______ are obligate intracellular parasites. That is, they must grow and reproduce within host cells.

Chlamydiae

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ______ are nonmotile, coccoid bacteria, ranging in size from ______ to ______ m.

Chlamydiae, 0.2, 1.5

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ______ - gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria distinguished by their structure and mechanism of motility.

Phylum Spirochetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ______ - When in contact with a solid surface, they exhibit creeping or crawling movements.

Spirochetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ______ - closely related to the phylum Chlorobi.

Phylum Bacteriodetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Phylum Bacteriodetes - has three classes (______, ______, and ______), ______ families, and ______ genera.

Bacteroides, Flavobacteria, Sphingobacteria, 12, 63

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ______ - they are chemoheterotrophic

Phylum Bacteriodetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ______ - produce a mixture of organic acids as fermentation end products.

Phylum Bacteriodetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The classification of the Gram positive bacteria is according to the ______

G+C content

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The classification of the Gram positive bacteria is according to the G+C content Those with 50% are considered as ______

Low G+C Gram Positive Bacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The classification of the Gram positive bacteria is according to the G+C content Remainder are considered to be the ______

High G+C Gram Positive Bacteria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive under phylum ______

Firmicutes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive has ______ orders and ______ families

10, 34

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive divided into three classes:

Clostridia, Mollicutes, and Bacilli

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The mycoplasmas, class ______, are also considered low G +C gram positives despite their lack of cell wall.

Mollicutes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA - distributed into ______ orders and ______ families

three, 11

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA:

Clostridium Desulfotomaculum Heliobacterium and Heliophilum Veillonella

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ - the largest genus

Clostridium

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ - Includes obligately anaerobic, fermentative, gram-positive bacteria that form endospores.

Clostridium

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ - They are responsible for many cases food spoilage, even in canned foods. ______ is the causative agent of botulism.

Clostridium, C. botulinum

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ - anaerobic, endospore-forming genus

Desulfotomaculum

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ • Although it stains gram negative, electron microscopic studies have shown that it has a gram-positive type cell wall.

Desulfotomaculum

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ - characterized by the presence of bacteriochlorophyll

Heliobacterium and Heliophilum

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ - like Desulfotomaculum, they have a gram-positive type cell wall with lower than normal peptidoglycan content.

Heliobacterium and Heliophilum

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS CLOSTRIDIA ______ - diplococci (often with their adjacent sides flattened), but they may exist as single cells, clusters, or chains

Veillonella

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive ______ • Most are facultative anaerobes, but a few are obligate anaerobes.

The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas)

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive ______ • "fried-egg" appearance because they grow into the agar surface at the center while spreading outward on the surface at the colony edges.

The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas)

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive ______ • cause several major diseases in livestock.

The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas)

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas) cause several major diseases in livestock: • ______ - contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in cattle

M. mycoides

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas) cause several major diseases in livestock: • ______ - Chronic respiratory disease in chickens

M. gallisepticum

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas) cause several major diseases in livestock: • ______ - Pneumonia in swine

M. hyopneumoniae

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas) cause several major diseases in livestock: • ______ - primary atypical pneumonia in humans

M. Pneumoniae

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive The CLASS MOLLICUTES (The MyCoplasmas) cause several major diseases in livestock: • ______ is commonly found in the human urogenital tract

Ureaplasma urealyticum

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive Genus related with Bacillus:

B. cereus B. anthracis Listeria Lactobacillales

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive Genus related with Bacillus ______ - causes food poisoning and can infect humans

B. cereus

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive Genus related with Bacillus ______ - causative agent of the disease anthrax, which can affect both farm animals and humans.

B. anthracis

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive Genus related with Bacillus ______ - medically important genus Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive Genus related with Bacillus Listeria - a pathogen of humans and other animals and causes ______, an important food infection.

listeriosis

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive Genus related with Bacillus ______ - produce lactic acid as their major or sole fermentation product

Lactobacillales

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The Low G+C Gram Positive Genus related with Bacillus Lactobacillales - collectively called ______.

lactic acid bacteria (LAB)

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive ______ - gram-positive, aerobic bacteria

Actinomycetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive ______ - with filamentous hyphae that differentiate to produce asexual spores

Actinomycetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Actinomycetes General Properties of Actinomycetes • source of most of the ______ used in medicine today

antibiotics

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Actinomycetes General Properties of Actinomycetes • anti______ drugs

cancer

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Actinomycetes General Properties of Actinomycetes • anti-______

helminthics

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Actinomycetes General Properties of Actinomycetes • drugs that suppress the ______ in patients who have received ______ transplants.

immune system, organ

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive ______ • are high G + C Grampositive bacteria that form branching filaments resembling fungi.

Actinomycetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive ______ • in contrast to fungi, the filaments of these are composed of prokaryotic cells.

Actinomycetes

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Uses of Actinomycetes • They produce a compound called ______, that gives the earthy colour to the soil.

geosmin

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Uses of Actinomycetes • They can degrade complex molecules such as ______ and ______.

cellulose, chitin

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Uses of Actinomycetes • The actinomycetes are an important source of ______ compounds, they produce up to ______ or about ______% of the total antibiotics.

antimicrobial, two-thirds, 61

THE DOMAIN BACTERIA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA The High G+C Gram Positive Examples of Actinomycetes:

• Nocardia asteroides • Nocardia uniformis

______ • members of domain EUKARYA

FUNGI

______ • CHEMOHETEROTROPHIC

FUNGI

______ • have cell walls composed of CHITIN

FUNGI

FUNGI • have cell walls composed of CHITIN - differ from animals by having ______

cell walls

FUNGI • have cell walls composed of CHITIN - differ from plants- by the lack of ______ and don't perform ______

chlorophyll, photosynthesis

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI • decompose ______ organisms (particularly plants) and recycle their ______

dead, nutrients

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI • humans use fungi for ______, in ______ ceremonies, and ______ or ______ of foods and beverages including bread, alcoholic drinks, citric acid, soy sauce, and some cheeses

food, religious, manufacture, fermentation

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI • produces ______

antibiotics

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI • produces antibiotics - ______ & ______ - ______ - ______

PENICILLIN, CEPHALOSPORIN, CYCLOSPORINE, MEVINIC ACIDS

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI • produces antibiotics - ______ - an immunosuppressive drug for organ transplants

CYCLOSPORINE

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI • produces antibiotics - ______ - which are cholesterol- reducing agents

MEVINIC ACIDS

SIGNIFICANCE OF FUNGI • an important research tools in the study of ______, ______, and ______ and in genetics and biotechnology

metabolism, growth, development

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNGI • primarily ______ organisms

terrestrial

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNGI • few are ______ or ______

freshwater, marine

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNGI • have a global distribution from ______ to ______ regions

polar, tropical

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNGI • form beneficial relationships with other organisms ______ - fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants

MYCORRHIZAE

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNGI • form beneficial relationships with other organisms ______ - fungi found in the upper portions of many plants that affect plant reproduction and palatability to herbivores

ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI two basic body shapes:

MOLDLIKE YEASTLIKE

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI ______ - large, composed of long, branched, tubular filaments called ______

MOLDLIKE, HYPHAE

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI ______ - ______: divided into cells by cross walls called SEPTA

MOLDLIKE, SEPTATE

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI ______ - ______: not divided by septa and multinucleate (______)

MOLDLIKE, ASEPTATE, coenocytic

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI ______ - composed of ______, tangled mass formed by intertwined hyphae

MOLDLIKE, MYCELIUM

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI ______ - small, globular,and composed of single cell which may have buds

YEASTLIKE

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI ______ - fungi that produce both yeastlike and moldlike shapes as a response to environmental conditions such as temperature or carbon dioxide concentration

DIMORPHIC FUNGI (two shaped)

MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI ______ - change growth habits in response to the temperature

THERMALLY DIMORPHIC

REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI:

ASEXUAL SPORE FORMATION & BUDDING SEXUAL SPORE FORMATION

REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI ASEXUAL SPORE FORMATION & BUDDING ______ - asexual reproduction method which produces new individuals from buds or outgrowths derived from the parent organism

BUDDING

REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI ASEXUAL SPORE FORMATION & BUDDING ______ - asexual reproduction which produces new individuals directly from the spores produced by the parent

SPORE FORMATION

REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI ASEXUAL SPORE FORMATION & BUDDING ______ - most common method of asexual reproduction

SPORE FORMATION

REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI ASEXUAL SPORE FORMATION & BUDDING ______ reproduce asexually by producing lightweight spores which enable the fungi to disperse vast distances by the wind

FILAMENTOUS FUNGI

REPRODUCTION OF FUNGI SEXUAL SPORE FORMATION scientists designate fungal mating types as "______" and "______" rather than as male and female.

+, –

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI:

DIVISION OF ZYGOMYCOTA DIVISION OF ASCOMYCOTA DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ZYGOMYCOTA • fungi in this division are called ______

ZYGOMYCETES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ______ • most are saprobes and some are obligate parasites of insects and other fungi

ZYGOMYCOTA

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ______ • ASEXUAL SPORES: usually wind dispersed, develop in sporangia at the tips of aerial hyphae

ZYGOMYCOTA

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ______ • SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: produces tough, thick walled zygotes called ______ that can remain dormant when the environment is too harsh for growth of the fungus

ZYGOMYCOTA, zygospores

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ASCOMYCOTA • fungi in this division are called ______

ASCOMYCETES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ______ • contains about 32,000 known species of molds and yeasts that are characterized by the formation of haploid ascospores within sacs called ______

ASCOMYCOTA, ASCI

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ASCOMYCOTA • many ascomycetes are beneficial:

PENICILLIUM MOLD SACCHAROMYCES TRUFFLES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ASCOMYCOTA • many ascomycetes are beneficial: ______ - source of penicillin

PENICILLIUM MOLD

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ASCOMYCOTA • many ascomycetes are beneficial: ______ - ferments sugar to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide

SACCHAROMYCES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ASCOMYCOTA • many ascomycetes are beneficial: ______ - basis of the baking and brewing industries

SACCHAROMYCES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ASCOMYCOTA • many ascomycetes are beneficial: ______ - grow as mycorrhizae in association with oak and beech trees to form culinary delights

TRUFFLES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA • fungi in this division are called ______

BASIDIOMYCETES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ______ • important decomposers that digest chemicals such as cellulose and lignin in dead plants and return nutrients to the soil

BASIDIOMYCOTA

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF ______ • includes mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, jelly fungi, bird's nest fungi, or bracket fungi

BASIDIOMYCOTA

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA • ______ poisonous mushrooms

TOADSTOOLS

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA • ______ edible mushrooms

AGARICUS

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA • ______ produces hallucinogen psilocybin

PSILOCYBE CUBENSIS

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA • ______ a basidiomycete yeast that is the leading cause of fungal meningitis

CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA ______ • also called imperfect fungi

DEUTEROMYCETES

CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI DIVISION OF BASIDIOMYCOTA ______ • sexual stages are unknown either because they do not produce sexual spores or because their sexual spores have not been observed

DEUTEROMYCETES

Diversity of the Microbial World (Part 1) Flashcards

(153 cards)