Division and Differentiation Unit 1

Question 1

What name is given to the human body cells that are not involved in reproduction ?

Answer 1

Somatic cells

Question 2

How many chromosomes are found in somatic cells ?

Answer 2

46

Question 3

By what process do somatic cells produce more somatic cells ?

Answer 3

Mitosis

Question 4

What name is given to the human cells involved in producing the gametes for reproduction ?

Answer 4

Germline cells

Question 5

How many chromosomes are found in germline cells ?

Answer 5

46

Question 6

By what process do germline cells produce more germline cells ?

Answer 6

Mitosis

Question 7

In which part of the body are germline cells found ?

Answer 7

Testes

Question 8

By which process do germline cells produce the gametes (egg and sperm) ?

Answer 8

Meiosis

Question 9

How many egg or sperm are produced when a germline cell divides by mitosis ?

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Name two types of stem cells

Answer 10

Embryonic and Tissue

Question 11

What word is used to describe the ability of embryonic stem cells to divide into almost any cell type ?

Answer 11

Pluripotent

Question 12

What word can be used to describe the ability of tissue stem cells to divide into a limited range of cell types ?

Answer 12

Multipotent

Question 13

Name 5 uses of stem cells

Answer 13

• Disease development
• Drug uses
• Corneal repairs
• Skin grafts
• Bone marrow transplants

Question 14

What signals do cancer cells fail to respond to ?

Answer 14

Regulatory signals

Question 15

What name is given to the abnormal mass of cells formed by uncontrolled cell division of cancer cells ?

Answer 15

Tumour

Question 16

What do somatic cells undergo ?

Answer 16

Somatic cells undergo mitosis to produce more cells which are identical to the parent cell

Question 17

What do germline cells undergo ?

Answer 17

Germline cells can divide by mitosis to form more germline cells or divide by the process of meiosis to produce haploid gametes

Question 18

Where are germline cells found ?

Answer 18

In the reproductive organs

Question 19

What is cellular differentiation ?

Answer 19

Cellular differentiation is the process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce proteins characteristic for that type of cell

Question 20

What happens after a cell is differentiated ?

Answer 20

It only expresses the genes that produce protein characteristic for that type of cell

Question 21

What are stem cells ?

Answer 21

Stem cells are unspecialised somatic cells that have the ability to reproduce and differentiate into a diverse range of specialised cells

Question 22

Products of Embryonic Stem Cells

Answer 22

• Found in blastocyst
• Pluripotent

Question 23

Products of Tissue Stem Cells

Answer 23

• Found in specific areas of the body
• Multipotent

Question 24

What do cancer cells do ?

Answer 24

Cancer cells divide excessively to produce a mass of abnormal cells (a tumour) that do not respond to regulatory signals and may fail to attach to each other

Question 25

What happens if cancer cells fail to attach ?

Answer 25

If the cancer cells fail to attach to each other, they can spread though the body to form secondary tumours

Question 26

Explain why stem cells are able to develop into different types of cells

Answer 26

They have the ability to switch on and off genes

Question 27

Are cells involved in reproduction ?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Name 3 types of somatic cells

Answer 28

- Platelets - Red blood cell - Nerve cells

Question 29

Are germline cells involved in reproduction ?

Answer 29

Yes

Question 30

What is the term given to a sex cell ?

Answer 30

Gamete

Question 31

What term is given to a cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes ?

Answer 31

Diploid

Question 32

What is the term given to a cell containing 1 set of chromosomes ?

Answer 32

Haploid

Question 33

What is the term used to describe 2 chromosomes which have the same genes ?

Answer 33

Homologous

Question 34

Name a source of embryonic stem cells

Answer 34

Blastocyst

Question 35

What is a potential ethical issue with use of embryonic stem cells ?

Answer 35

People view it as murder

Question 36

What is a somatic cell ?

Answer 36

A body cell

Question 37

Somatic cells form different body tissues, list some tissue types

Answer 37

- Muscle - Skin

Question 38

Germline cells divide by mitosis to produce what ?

Answer 38

More germline cells

Question 39

Germline cells divide by meiosis to produce what ?

Answer 39

Haploid gametes

Question 40

Describe the formation of secondary tumours

Answer 40

If the cancer cells fail to attach to each other, they can spread though the body to form secondary tumours

Question 41

Three properties of stem cells

Answer 41

- Unspecialised - Can differentiate into a range of cells - Has the ability to switch on and off genes

Question 42

Name two therapeutic use of stem cells

Answer 42

- Skin grafts - Corneal repair

Question 43

Name two locations of tissue stem cells

Answer 43

- Bone marrow - Skin

Question 44

Tissue stem cells found in bone marrow will develop into what ?

Answer 44

Blood cells