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Test 1 FTM > DLA 1-3 > Flashcards

DLA 1-3 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three major classes of lipids in the cell membrane?

A

phospholipid

cholesterol

glycolipid

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2
Q

PM have two types of proteins?

A

integral- in or pass through bilayer

peripheral - one side of the bilayer

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3
Q

What are the 6 integral membrane proteins?

A
  1. pumps,carriers, transporters
  2. channels
  3. receptors
  4. linker
  5. enzymes
  6. structural
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4
Q

What is a glycocalyx and what is its purpose?

A

it is a carbohydrate rich region containing glycolipids, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans

Function:

  1. protection
  2. cell recognition
  3. cell to cell interaction
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5
Q

What are the three types of endocytosis?

A
  1. pinocytosis
  2. phagocytosis
  3. receptor-mediated
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6
Q

what types of endocytosis are clathrin independent?

A

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

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7
Q

Is receptor-mediated endocytosis clatherin independent or dependent?

A

clatherin dependent

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8
Q

What are the two kinds of exocytosis?

A

regulated (secretory cells)

constitutive (no stimulus)

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9
Q

What are the four different types of receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

1 .Receptor recycled, ligand degraded

  1. Receptor and ligand degraded
  2. Receptor and ligand recycled
  3. Receptor and ligand transcytosis
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10
Q

Example of receptor recycled, ligand degraded

A

LDL receptor

Insulin-glucose transporter receptor

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11
Q

Example of Receptor and ligand degraded

A

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) & receptor

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12
Q

Example of Receptor and ligand recycled

A

Iron, transferrin & transferrin receptor

• Major histocompatibility complex I & II

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13
Q

Example of Receptor and ligand transcytosis

A

Secretion of immunoglobulins (secretory IgA) into saliva

• Secretion of maternal IgG into milk

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14
Q

What are steps of phagocytosis?

A
  1. particle binds to PM receptor (antibody)
  2. Extension of pseudopods (actin polymerization)
  3. phagosome fuses with lysosome (digestion)
  4. residual body (indigestible substances)
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15
Q

How does receptor mediated endocytosis work?

A
  1. clathrin molecule interact with adaptin
  2. clathrin forms a cage (drives vesicle formation)
  3. dynamin mediates the pinching off of the vesicle
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16
Q

What are the pathways to lysosomal digestion?

A
  1. phagocytosis
  2. endocytosis
  3. autophagy (self-eating) (autophagosome is formed)
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17
Q

Describe the proteosome?

A

used for protein degradation
ATP dependent
no lysosome needed

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18
Q

How are proteins sent to the proteosome?

A

They are tagged with ubiquitin

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19
Q

What is the partition coefficient?

A

It is used to measure the lipophilicity of molecules

how a substance partitions itself between two immiscible substances

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20
Q

What is the partition coefficient equation?

A

conc of substance in oil / conc. of substance in water

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21
Q

the scale is 0-1 for Partition coefficient?

A

1 = substance will equally exist as a solute in water and oil

greater than 1 = substance is lipophilic and can pass membrane

less than 1 = only soluble in water and cannot pass membrane easily

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22
Q

What is the permeability coefficient?

A

The degree, in which, a substance can pass through a membrane

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23
Q

scale for the permeability coefficient?

A

1 = will pass membrane easily

0 = cannot pass the membrane

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24
Q

What is the reflection coefficient?

A

How easily a substance can cross a membrane based on reflection

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25
The scale for the RC?
1 = does not pass membrane 0 = passes membrane
26
Epithelial transport?
Solute transport across the two membranes of cells that line hollow organs or tubes in order to reach the blood from the lumen or vice versa pass through the apical membrane and basolateral membrane
27
What is absorption?
movement of solutes/fluid from lumen to blood
28
What is secretion?
movement of solutes/fluid from blood to lumen
29
Where the is Na/K pump located?
Always on the basolateral membrane
30
eNAC and CFTR channels?
When the eNAC channel is upregulated the CFTR channel is downregulated (vice versa) Cl- is pumped into the apical membrane Na is pumped into the cell
31
What are two types of saturated fatty acids?
1. Palmitic acid (C16) | 2. Stearic acid (C18)
32
What is the significance of saturated fatty acids?
components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids they decrease membrane fluidity
33
What are examples monounsat FA?
Oleic acid (C18)
34
What is the importance of oleic aid
components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids
35
Examples of polyunsat fatty acids?
omega-6 and omega-3
36
importance of polyunsat fatty acids?
components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids increase membrane fluidity
37
examples of omega-3 FA's?
alpha- linolenic acid Eicosapentaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic acid
38
Importance of Omega-3 FA's?
components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids increase membrane fluidity
39
examples of omega-6 FA's?
linoleic acid arachidonic acid
40
Importance of omega-6 FA's?
components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids increase membrane fluidity
41
What are the essential fatty acids?
alpha- linolenic acid and linoleic acid
42
Importance of the essential fatty acids?
components of TAG, phospholipids, and glycolipids increase membrane fluidity
43
Long vs short FA chains in membrane?
short chains make membrane more fluid, while longer chains decrease fluidity
44
Double bonds vs single bonds related to membrane fluidity?
Double bonds make the membrane more fluid and single blonds decrease fluidity
45
Functions of cholesterol?
1. Regulates membrane fluidity 2. precursor of steroid hormones 3. precursor for Vit D synthesis
46
What are the two types of phospholipids?
glycerophospholipids sphingophospholipids
47
Examples of glycerophospgolipids?
phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylserine phosphatidylinositol
48
example of sphingophospholipids?
sphingomyelin
49
What are the four types of glycolipids?
1. cerebrosides 2. sulfatide 3. globoside 4. ganglioside
50
what is the structure of cerebroside?
sphingosine + FA + monosaccharide
51
what is the structure of sulfatide?
sphingosine + FA+ sulfate
52
what is the structure of globoside?
sphingosine + FA + oligosaccharide
53
what is the structure of ganglioside?
sphingosine + FA+ oligosaccharide with NANA
54
Where are glycolipids found?
The glycocalyx
55
What is the typical structure of glycerophospholipids?
Glycerol (backbone) one saturated FA one unsaturated FA nitrogen base
56
Describe phosphatidic acid?
This molecule is a building block phospholipids but is not in the membrane itself because it is missing a base.
57
What is cardiolipin?
It is a glycerophospholipid found only in the inner membrane of mito. can be involved in autoimmune disorders: anticardiolipin antibodies
58
What Glycerophospholipids are found in the outer leaflet of the membrane?
phosphotidylcholine sphingomyelin
59
What Glycerophospholipids are found in the inner leaflet of the membrane?
phosphotidylserine phosphotidylethanolamine phosphotidelinostiol
60
What phospholipid is in surfactant in lung tissue
DPPC this prevents the alveoli from collapsing
61
What can lead to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?
Smoking because it kills type II cells premature babies
62
Amniotic fluid Lecithin-Sphingomyelin ratio?
A ratio to determine the chance of RDS in babies greater than 2 = mature fetal lung less than 2 = immature fetal lung
63
What is DPPC?
A Glycerophospholipid
64
What is the structure of Sphingophospholipid?
sphingosine backbone fatty acid phosphate attached to a choline makes up myelin
65
What is the composition of phosphatidylcholine?
glycerol 2 FA's phosphate choline
66
Function of phosphatidylcholine?
lung surfactant
67
What is the composition of phosphatidylserine?
glycerol 2 FA's phosphate serine
68
Function of phosphatidylserine?
may indicate apoptosis if in outer leaflet
69
composition of phosphatidylinositol?
glycerol 2 FA phosphate inositol
70
Function of phosphatidylinositol?
forms second messengers
71
composition of phosphatidylethanolamine?
glycerol 2 FA phosphate ethanolamine

Test 1 FTM (35 decks)

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