DNA 1 - MT2 - Part 3

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Is a segment of a DNA molecule in a cell that has the information needed to construct a specific protein

Question 2

Gene expression

Answer 2

The appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene

Question 3

What do genes do?

Answer 3

They encode proteins, which carry out much of the work in the cell

Question 4

What does a chromosome consist of? (2)

Answer 4

1. One very long DNA molecule

2. Many associated proteins

Question 5

What amount of chromosomes do people with down syndrome have?

Answer 5

Less chromosomes

Question 6

What amount of chromosomes do people have with variation in gender?

Answer 6

More chromosomes

- typically 3

Question 7

What can missing or extra chromosomes result in?

Answer 7

Can be fatal

Question 8

Histone

Answer 8

Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin

Question 9

What do chromosomes vary in?

Answer 9

Size

Question 10

What contains genetic information?

Answer 10

DNA molecule

Question 11

What do proteins help with? (4)

Answer 11

1. Packing the DNA efficiently
2. Extracting the genetic information from the DNA in usable form
3. Replicate the DNA
4. Repair damaged DNA

Question 12

What can damage DNA?

Answer 12

Body temp

Question 13

What is the genome?

Answer 13

Is all of the organisms genes, collectively

Question 14

What are all the proteins known as?

Answer 14

Proteome

Question 15

What does a typical cell have?

Answer 15

2 versions of each gene, arranged along 2 versions of each chromosome

Question 16

What is the name of the chromosomes on which they are arranged? (2)

Answer 16

1. Homologous chromosomes

2. Homologues

Question 17

Allele

Answer 17

Specific version of a specific gene

Question 18

The cell division process that leads to formation of gametes in people/animals is called what?

Answer 18

Meiosis

Question 19

What kind of division is meiosis?

Answer 19

Reductional

• the daughter cells resulting from meiosis have half the chromosomes of the mother cell
• each gamete will contain half the chromosomes of the mother and will be genetically distinct from every other gamete

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

The process of division which selects chromosomes from packaging into gametes

Question 21

Where does a lot of variation happen?

Answer 21

Meiosis

- cell division/ replication

Question 22

What happens in fertilization?

Answer 22

The egg nucleus and the sperm nucleus contribute an equal number of chromosomes to the zygote

Question 23

What does the Y chromosome determine?

Answer 23

Whether it will be a male or not

Question 24

Where is the Y chromosome only passed on from?

Answer 24

From father to son

Question 25

Maternal inheritance

Answer 25

``` Energy organelles (mitochondria) carry a few genes and are almost always inherited from the egg - passed on from the mother ```

Question 26

What phenotype do you get from XX?

Answer 26

Female

Question 27

What phenotype do you get from XY?

Answer 27

Male

Question 28

Where do these chromosome pair up?

Answer 28

During meiosis