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Biology > Dna > Flashcards

Dna Flashcards

0
Q

How many types of nucleotides are there?

A

There are two purines and pyrimidines.

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1
Q

Where is the double helix found?

A

The double helix structure is found in the nucleus.

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2
Q

What are the two types of nucleotides?

A

Purines and pyridines

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3
Q

What are purines?

A

Purines have a two ring structure

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4
Q

What are pyrimidines?

A

Pyrimidines are a 1 ring structure.

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5
Q

How are purines and pyrimidines bonded?

A

Purines hydrogen bond with pyrimidines

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6
Q

What is adenine?

A

Adenine is a purine.

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7
Q

What is thymine?

A

Thymine is a pyrimidine

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8
Q

What is guanine?

A

Guanine is a purine.

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9
Q

What is cytosine?

A

Cytosine is a pyrimidine

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10
Q

Is a nucleotide a polymer?

Are nucleic acids monomers?

A

Nucleotides are monomers, nucleic acids are polymers.

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11
Q

What holds them together?

A

They are held together by a deoxyribose backbone.

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12
Q

What do hydrogen bonds with?

A

Nucleotides hydrogen bond with its base pair but do not bind with its neighboring nucleotide. The deoxyribose backbone holds them to one another.

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13
Q

What nucleotides bond together?

A

Adenine and thymine

Cytosine and guanine

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14
Q

What is the relationship between the nucleotides to one another?

A

DNA is complementary.

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15
Q

What is genome?

A

Genome is the total genetic information content of a cell or organism.

16
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A chromosome is one of several individual strings of DNA. There are 64 chromosomes in humans.

17
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a nucleotide sequence which codes for a specific protein.

18
Q

What is an intron?

A

An intron is a non coding region of a specific gene.

19
Q

What is an exon?

A

An exon is a coding region of a specific gene.

20
Q

What is a codon?

A

A codon is three specific nucleotide sequence coding for a specific amino acid. There are 64 possible codons (4 nucleotides for 3 spots which gives 4^3)

21
Q

What is a degenerate code?

A

A generate code means that there are 64 possible codons and only 20 amino acids.

22
Q

What is non coding DNA?

A

A coding DNA is a a DNA that does not code for proteins which is roughly 98% in man. Previously called junk DNA and felt to be left over useless genes of evolution but since the Dna

23
Q

What is coding DNA?

A

Coding DNA codes for proteins (2% in man)

24
Q

Where is DNA efficiently stored?

A

Nucleosome is a protein DNA STRUCTURE which more efficiently stores DNA.

25
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

Enzyme unrotates the helix, enzyme separates the strand, DNA polymerase moves along the exposed strand adding nucleotides until the DNA is completely replicated, remarkably accurate with only one error for every 10^9 base pair replications.

26
Q

What nucleotides are in DNA replication?

A

Adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytocine

27
Q

How are the nucleotides held 2gether in DNA replication?

A

Ribose backbone

28
Q

What are the 3 types of functions the RNA does?

A

Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA

29
Q

What does transcription require?

A

Transcription requires RNA polymerace.

30
Q

Where does splicing happen?

A

Splicing happens in the nucleus to exercise the introns and hook together the exons.

31
Q

What happens when they leave the nucleus?

A

They are transported out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm in order to provide the template for a protein.

32
Q

What is transcription and translation?

A

It’s the conversion of the information contained in the DNA into a portable vehicle which is transported outside of the nucleus to begin the production of proteins.

33
Q

What does Transfer RNA do?

A

Transfer RNA Carries amino acid to in order to assemble them into a ribosomes.

Biology (8 decks)

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