DNA & Genes (General) - Nishimoto Flashcards Preview

MBOD Block 1 - Gilbert > DNA & Genes (General) - Nishimoto > Flashcards

Flashcards in DNA & Genes (General) - Nishimoto Deck (13)
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1
Q

What is DNA?

A

Linear arrangement of bases that code for genes and the genetic makeup of the body

2
Q

What is a mutation?

A

A change in the linear sequence of a gene

3
Q

Why are nucleic acids important?

A

Basis to determine techniques for mutations
Basis for understanding genetic disorders, cancer
Basis for paternity tests
Biochemical basis for human genetics

4
Q

Describe the 5’ end

Describe the 3’ end

A

5’ - -OH end with phosphate group

3’ - free -OH group

5
Q

How are double strands held together?

A

H-bonds

6
Q

Topoisomer, what can this do?

A

Supercoiled DNA. Can be bad, different energetic forms, can impede strand separation for DNA replication by DNA helices

7
Q

What induces supercoiling?

A

Pulling two strands apart (similar to replication fork)

8
Q

How is supercoiling relieved?

A

Enzymes called topoisomerases

9
Q

Topoisomerase I

A

Breaks a single strand to relieve supercoiling. 1 catalytic cycle relaxes 1 supercoil

10
Q

Topoisomerase II

A

Breaks a double strand to relieve supercoiling. 1 catalytic cycle relaxes 2 supercoils. Can also untangle DNA strands. Acts like a gate by allowing a passage by opening transiently one strand so that the other strand can pass through

11
Q

How are topoisomerases clinically important?

A

They are the targets of antimicrobial and anticancer drugs

12
Q

5 classes of RNA

A
mRNA - coding
rRNA - synthesis
tRNA - transport
snRNA (spliceosomes)
scRNA (small cytoplasmic part)
13
Q

What is structural difference between ribose and deoxyribose? RNA & DNA?

A

Ribose - OH on 2’ C

RNA - U rather DNA’s T
RNA - single stranded, but can fold on itself via H-bonds

DEOXYribose - H on 2’ C