DNA and RNA Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is an allele
an allele is a different form of the same gene
What is a gene
A length of dna that codes for our appearance or bodily characteristic
What is a chromosome
chromosomes are strands of nucleotides that contain genetic material
What is DNA
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid, and acts as a blueprint for every living organism.
It is double stranded (double helix)
made up of a chain of repeating nucleotides
atcg
adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
what is a nucleotide
a nucleotide is simply the building block of dna and rna
what is the structure of dna
double helix
what is rna
ribonucleic acid
single stranded
has uracil instead of thymine
what are the 3 things that make up a nucleotide
5 carbon sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base
how are nucleotides joined together
hydrogen bonds
where is dna located
nucleus
what is a complementary base pair
adenine and thymine
cytosine and guanine
what is a pair of identical chromosomes called
homologous pair
what is a karyotype
picture of a chromosome
how many genes do chromosomes have
hundreds or thousands
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23 pairs
what is dna replication
unzipped via enzymes which break down hydrogen bonds
random nucleotides reattach to form complementary base pairs
essentially doubled
what is a nitrogenous base
a nitrogenous base is adenine thymine cytosine and guanine
what are polypeptides
chains of amino acids
what are proteins
chains of polypeptides which are chains of amino acids
what are codons
triplets of RNA bases which code individual amino acids
