DNA & Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is the process of transcription?

Answer 1

Hydrogen bonds (between DNA bases) break

One DNA strand acts as a template

RNA nucleotides align by complementary base pairing

Uracil is used in place of thymine

RNA polymerase joins (adjacent RNA) nucleotides

Phosphodiester bonds (between adjacent nucleotides)

Splicing occurs

Question 2

What is the process of translation?

Answer 2

(mRNA attaches) to ribosomes

(tRNA) anticodons (bind to) complementary (mRNA) codons

tRNA brings a specific amino acid

Amino acids join by peptide bonds

(Amino acids join together) with the use of ATP

tRNA released (after amino acid joined to polypeptide)

The ribosome moves along the mRNA codons to form the polypeptide

Question 3

Where does translation happen?

Answer 3

Ribosomes

Question 4

Where does transcription happen?

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

Are hydrogen bonds present in DNA, tRNA or mRNA?

Answer 5

DNA - yes
tRNA - yes
mRNA - no

Question 6

Are polynucleotides involved in DNA, tRNA or mRNA? How many?

Answer 6

DNA - yes 2
tRNA - yes 1
mRNA - yes 1

Question 7

Are anticodons present in DNA, tRNA or mRNA?

Answer 7

DNA - no
tRNA - yes
mRNA - no

Question 8

Difference in pre-mRNA and mRNA

Answer 8

mRNA has no itrons
pre-mRNA has introns and extrons

because of splicing

Question 9

What is the proteome of a cell?

Answer 9

number of different proteins that a cell is able to produce

Question 10

2 types of molecules which makes a ribosome

Answer 10

Amino acids
ribosomal RNA