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CHE 161 > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps of DNA replication?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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2
Q

How many origin of replication are in prokaryotes? In eukaryotes?

A
  • typically 1 in prokaryotes

- multiple in eukaryotes

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3
Q

What happens during initiation stage? (3)

A
  • DNA unwinds at the origin of replication
  • SSBPs bind ssDNA
  • Primase adds RNA primer
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4
Q

What happens during elongation?

A

DNAP add nucleotides

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5
Q

What happens during termination?

A

Reaches end or new DNA

DNAP falls off

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6
Q

Where does DNA replication occur for prokaryotes? eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes : cell cytoplasm

Eukaryotes : nucleus

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7
Q

What template is read during the process?

A

DNA

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8
Q

What is the direction of the polymer formation?

A

5’ - 3’

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9
Q

What direction is the template read?

A

3’ - 5’

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10
Q

What polymer is formed?

A

DNA

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11
Q

What monomers are used?

A

dNTPs

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12
Q

What is the start signal?

A

origin

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13
Q

how many origin of replications are in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

prokaryotes: typically one
eukaryotes: many on a single chromosome

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14
Q

What is reannealing?

A

reformation of double stranded DNA molecule

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15
Q

Why is DNA always synthesized in 5’ to 3’ direction?

A

DNA polymerase need a free 3’OH group

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16
Q

What is the difference between the leading strand and the lagging strand?

A

leading strand is synthesized continuously (in one go) (5’-3’).
lagging strand is synthesized in small chunks called okazaki fragments (3’-5’)

17
Q

What happens if a nucleotide (dNTPs) is added?

A

pyrophosphate is released and one phosphate remain in the phosphodiester bond

18
Q

What are the four dNTPs needed for DNA replication?

A

dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP

19
Q

Is DNA conservative or semi-conservative? Why?

A

Semi-conservative

Each parent strand ends up bonded with a new strand at the end of DNA replication.

20
Q

About how many mistakes does DNAP make?

A

1 mistake every 109 nucleotide

21
Q

What is the direction DNAP proof read?

A

3’ - 5’

22
Q

How does DNAP proof-read? (3)

A
  • It forms a different angle than one that is hydrogen bonded to its pair on the other strand
  • Hence, 3’OH won’t be in the correct position for extension by DNAP
  • Causes DNAP to used its exonuclease activity (degrade nucleic acid) to remove the wrong nt
23
Q

What is the purpose of PCR?

A

To replicate and amplify DNA

24
Q

What are the components for PCR? (4)

A
  1. Primers designed to complement the ends of each strand
  2. dNTPS
  3. Buffers and co-factors
  4. Template DNA

CHE 161 (14 decks)

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