DNA Review

Question 0

These molecules make up the backbone of DNA

Answer 0

Phosphate groups and deoxyribose sugar

Question 1

Monomers of DNA?

Answer 1

Nucleotides

Question 2

These have a single ring structure and include thymine and cytosine

Answer 2

Pyramidines

Question 3

These have a single ring structure and Include thymine and cytosine

Answer 3

Pyrimidines

Question 4

In the middle of a DNA molecule, the nitrogenous bases are held together by what kind of bonds?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

The word that describes the way the two strands of DNA are complimentary and appear to run in opposite directions of eachother

Answer 5

Anti parallel

Question 6

When DNA replication occurs in a cell

Answer 6

Prior to cell division

Question 7

This enzyme attaches to DNA, unwinds the double helix, and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases

Answer 7

DNA helicase

Question 8

The numerous locations along the length of the DNA strand where replication is taking place

Answer 8

Bubbles of replication

Question 9

Main enzyme of replication. Reads the parent strand and synthesizes the new daughter strand.

Answer 9

DNA polymerase

Question 10

Direction in which the leading strand is read and the daughter strand is synthesized

Answer 10

3 to 5 and 5 to 3

Question 11

Purpose of transcription

Answer 11

To copy the DNA code into RNA

Question 12

The blueprint RNA is responsible for carrying DNAs instructions for how to build a protein

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

This molecule is the main component of ribosomes where proteins are made

Answer 13

rRNA

Question 14

The RNA molecule that is responsible for carrying the amino acids to the ribosome for assembly

Answer 14

tRNA

Question 15

The term for the place at the end if the gene that signals the RNA polymerase to stop building the mRNA

Answer 15

Terminator DNA

Question 16

Purpose of translation

Answer 16

To read the mRNA blueprint and build a new protein

Question 17

Complimentary group of 3 nucleotides on a mRNA strand that code for an amino acid

Answer 17

Codon

Question 18

The complimentary group of three nucleotides in the tRNA

Answer 18

Anti codon

Question 19

The process of translation ends when this is reached

Answer 19

Stop codon

Question 20

The anticodon is identical to this except for in the case if thymine which is replaced by uracil

Answer 20

Original DNA triplet

Question 21

How amino acids are brought to the ribosome

Answer 21

With help of tRNA

Question 22

These bonds form between the amino acids at the ribosome

Answer 22

Peptide bonds

Question 23

The bonds that form between the codon and anti codon when tRNA is delivering the amino acids to the ribosome

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonds

Question 24

Name for the amino acid that triggers the start of protein building process

Answer 24

Methionine

Question 25

The reason why there are 64 codons but only 20 amino acids

Answer 25

Because more than one codon can code for the same amino acid

Question 26

The enzyme that creates a short template to help DNA polymerase find where it is needed during DNA replication

Answer 26

DNA primase

Question 27

The small section if a DNA strand that codes for a specific protein

Answer 27

Gene

Question 28

Three stages of both transcription and translation

Answer 28

Initiation, elongation, termination

Question 29

This results when one nucleotide is wrongly paired with another nucleotide. Generally less severe

Answer 29

A base substitution mutation

Question 30

3 factors that can cause mutation

Answer 30

Ionizing radiation
Non ionizing radiation
alkylating agents

Question 31

Where in the cell translation takes place

Answer 31

In the cytoplasm at the ribosome

Question 32

4 ways mRNA is modified before it leaves the nucleus

Answer 32

1. A cap is added to the 5 end
2. A tail is added to the 3 end
3. Introns are removed
4. Exons are reconnected