DNA Virus Part 1 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Viruses Family:
A
- Adenoviridae
- Hepadnaviridae
- Herpesviridae
- Papillomaviridae
- Parvoviridae
- Polyomaviridae
- Poxviridae
2
Q
All DNA viruses have double stranded DNA, except:
A
Parvovirus
3
Q
All DNA viruses have LINEAR DNA, except:
A
(circular, supercoiled)
POLYOMAVIRUS
PAPILLOMAVIRUS
HEPADNAVIRUS
4
Q
All DNA viruses are Icosahedral, except:
A
POXVIRUS (Complex)
5
Q
All DNA viruses replicate in the nucleus, except:
A
POXVIRUS (cytoplasm, carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)
6
Q
All DNA virus are enveloped, except:
A
Adenoviridae
Papillomaviridae
Parvoviridae
Polyomaviridae
7
Q
First isolated from the culture of human
adenoids and tonsils in the early 1950ss,
hence the name
A
Adenovirus
8
Q
Large 70-80 nm, icosahedral, double stranded linear DNA virus, naked/unenveloped.
A
Adenovirus
9
Q
MOT of Adenovirus
A
Respiratory (aerosol droplets)
fecal oral
Direct contact (eye)
10
Q
Adeno virus site of latency:
A
Replication in oropharynx
11
Q
Currently, 85 serotypes have been
described.
A
ADENOVIRUS
12
Q
Pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, coryza
A
ADENOVIRUS URT (serotype 3, 7, 8, 19, 37)
13
Q
bronchitis, atypical pneumonia
A
ADENOVIRUS LRT (serotype 14)
14
Q
acute gastroenteritis (infantile diarrhea)
A
ADENOVIRUS GIT [serotype: 40, 41]
15
Q
acute hemorrhagic cystitis
A
ADENOVIRUS GUT (serotype: 7,11,21)
16
Q
Adenovirus Incubation period:
A
Respiratory Disease: 2-14 days
Gastroenteritis: 3-10 days
17
Q
Common upper R.T.I includes colds,
tonsillitis, pharyngitis ,pharyngo conjunctival
fever, and sometimes croup.
A
ADENOVIRUS
18
Q
Infections of the eye and conjunctivitis
often accompany respiratory infection
(in children, otitis media is often a
complication of the respiratory disease.)
A
ADENOVIRUS
19
Q
Lower R.T.I can be severe in children.
Pneumonia is often fatal in
infants and young children
A
Adenovirus
20
Q
Cause less than 5% of all acute respiratory
disease in the general population;
A
ADENOVIRUS
21
Q
However, they account for up to 15% of all
acute diarrheal infections in children
A
Adenovirus
22
Q
Diagnosis for Adenovirus
A
1.cell culture (HE-p-2)
2.cowdry type B intranuclear basophilic
inclusion
3.EIA for gastroenteritis 40,41
4.PCR
23
Q
Adenovirus prevention
A
Vaccine for (Adenovirus 4 and 7) for military recruits
24
Q
Serum Hepatitis
A
Hepatitis B
25
Partially double stranded DNA (incomplete circular), enveloped icosahedral capsid
HEPADNA
26
Virion called Dane particle, surface antigen called Australian antigen
HEPADNA
27
MOT for HEPADNA
Percutaneous exposure to blood or blood products
1. Blood transfusions
2. Needle stick injury
3. Sexual
4. Transplacental
5. Perinatal
6. Direct contact
28
HEPADNA site of latency
Liver
29
HEPADNA virulence factor:
HBsAg, HBcAg, HBeAg
30
Used as marker of potential infectivity in HBV
HBeAg
31
Hepatitis B incubation
1 to 3 months
32
the only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcription with mRNA as the template, not a retrovirus but has reverse transcriptase.
Hepatitis B
33
Hypocellular injury due to immune attack by cytototoxic T cells, no cytopathic effcts.
Hepatitis B
34
infection remains a significant worldwide
cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma despite the availability of an effective vaccine.
Chronic HBV
35
Fever, anorexia and jaundice.
Hepatits B
36
Dark urine, pale faces, elevated transglutaminase levels
Hepatitis B
37
significant cause of liver damage associated with morbidity and mortality.
Hepatitis B
38
Humans infected with HBV worldwide is
nearly 400 million, and approximately
50 million new cases occur annually
take note
39
Humans are the only source of the virus
Hepatitis B
40
The only positive during window period: Hepatitis B
Anti-HBc
IgM
41
The only positive among vaccinated patients:
Anti-HBs
42
What can differentiate chronic active infection from chronic carrier:
HBeAg
43
Chronic infection is characterized by the persistence of ____for at least 6 months
HBsAg
44
is the principal marker of risk for developing chronic liver disease and liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) later in life.
Persistence of HBsAg
45
Liver Biopsy: Granular eosinophilic “ground
glass” appearance
Hepatitis B
46
Councilman body: eosinophilic globule of cells that represents a dying hepatocyte often surrounded by normal parenchyma
Hepatitis B
47
Hepatitis B Extrahepatic manifestations:
o Aplastic Anemia
o Membranous-Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
o Polyarteritis nodosa (autoimmune vasculitis)
48
Have large, enveloped, icosahedral
capsids, linear, containing double-stranded.
DNA genomes.
HERPESVIRIDAE
49
●Encode many proteins that manipulate
the host cell and immune response.
● Encode enzymes (DNA polymerase) that
promote viral DNA replication and are
good targets for antiviral drugs.
● DNA replication and capsid assembly
occurs in the nucleus
HERPESVIRIDAE
50
Virus is released by exocytosis, by cell
lysis, and through cell-to-cell bridges. Can cause lytic, persistent, latent, and (for
Epstein Barr virus) immortalizing infections
HERPESVIRIDAE
51
Ubiquitous. Cell-mediated immunity is required for control
HERPESVIRIDAE
52
Alphaherpesviridae
HHV-1 Herpes Simplex type 1
HHV-2 Herpes Simplex type 2
HHV-3 Varicella zoster virus
53
Gammaherpesviridae
HHV-4 Epstein Barr Virus
HHV-8 Kaposi sarcoma related virus
54
Betaherpesviridae
HHV-5 Cytomegalovirus
HHV-6 Herpes lymphotropic virus
HHV-7
55
HSV 1-Herpes simplex transmission
Saliva or direct
56
HSV 2 -Herpes simplex transmission
Sexual or transvaginal
57
filled with virus particles and cell debris
vesicle HSV
58
-Gingivostomatitis
-Herpes labialis (lips)
-Keratoconjunctivitis
-Temporal lobe encephalitis
-Herpetic whitlow (fingers)
Herpes gladiatorum (trunk)
HSV1 (HHV 1)
59
-Genital herpes
-Neonatal herpes (TORCH)
-Aseptic meningitis
HSV 2 (HHV 2)
60
Site of Latency for HSV 1 and 2
HSV 1- Trigeminal ganglia
HSV 2- Lumbosacral ganglia
61
HHv or HSv Diagnosis:
1.Tzanck smear
2.Cowdry type A
3.Cell cuture ( HDF others)
4.EIA
5.FA stain
6.PCR ( CSF herpes encephalitis)
62
Treatment for HHv or HSV
Acyclovir
Penciclovir
Valacyclovir
Famiciclovir
Trifluridine
63
HHV 3
Varicella Zoster Virus
64
Varicella Zoster transmission
close contact and respiratory
65
Varicella Zoster transmission site of latency
dorsal root ganglia
66
chicken pox
varicella
67
shingles
herpes zooster
68
ramsay hunt syndrome
herpes zooster oticus
69
Infects the URT, then spreads via the blood to the skin - Becomes latent in the dorsal root ganglia, which may reactivate as
zoster
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)/ HHV-3
70
Period of communicability of VARICELL/CHICKENPOX
48 hours before vesicle formation and
4 -5 days after until all vesicles are crusted
71
Vesicular rash (‘dewdrop on a rose petal appearance’) that begins on trunk; spreads to face and extremities (centrifugal) with lesions of different stages
VARICELL/CHICKENPOX
72
Complications: Pneumonia, Encephalitis, Reye’s syndrome, Cerebellar ataxia, secondary bacterial infection
VARICELLA/ CHICKEN POX
73
Unilateral painful vesicular eruption with a dermatomal distribution (thoracic and lumbar) .Debilitating pain (postherpetic neuralgia) a most common complication
HERPES ZOSTER/ SHINGLES
74
Reactivation of latent VZV residing within geniculate ganglion
RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME/ HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS
75
A triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear pain
and vesicles on the face, on the ear.
RAMSAY-HUNT SYNDROME/ HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS
76
maximal interruption with limb development (short and malformed limbs covered with cicatrix_skin lesion with zigzag scarring associated with atrophy of the affected limb)
CONGENITAL VARICELLA
Fetuses infected at 6-12 weeks
77
CONGENITAL VARICELLA
Fetuses infected at 16-20 weeks
eye and brain involvement
78
Varicella-Zoster transmission:
Airborne-droplet
Direct contact with the lesions
79
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) HHV-5 MOT
Human body fluids
Transplacental
Organ transplantation
80
- Immediate early proteins
-Translated from premade mRNAs
-Impair assembly of the MHC class 1-viral
peptide complexes
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)/ HHV-5
81
Most common infectious cause of congenital abnormalities
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)/ HHV-5
82
1.Most common intrauterine viral infection
2.Most common when the mother is infected in first trimester
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)/ HHV-5
83
Microcephaly, seizures, deafness, jaundice, and purpura. Periventricular calcifications
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)/ HHV-5
84
-Monospot-negative
-Fever, lethargy, and abnormal lymphocytes in blood smears
HETEROPHIL-NEGATIVE MONONUCLEOSIS
84
- Pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis
-AIDS retinitis: hemorrhage, cotton-wool exudates, vision loss
SYSTEMIC CMV INFECTIONS
85
Cultured in shell tubes
Negative heterophil test
Giant cells with owl’s-eye nuclear inclusion
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)/ HHV-5
86
-infects mainly lymphoid cells, primarily B-lymphocytes through CD21 - Elicits EBV-specific antibodies and non-specific heterophil antibodies
Epstein-Barr Virus HHV 4
87
î ‘Kissing disease’
î Monospot-positive/heterophil-positive
î fever, sorethroat, lymphadenopathy
î splenomegaly à rapid increase in size produces a tense, fragile, splenic
capsule à splenic rupture is a rare complication (Avoid contact sports!)
Epstein-Barr Virus HHV 4
88
MALIGNANCIES
î Burkitt’s lymphoma (in Africanpeople)
î B-cell lymphomas
î Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (in Chinese people)
î Hairy leukoplakia (in AIDS patients)
Epstein-Barr Virus HHV 4
89
Differential white blood cells
count will show elevated
“atypical lymphocytes” Downey cells
Epstein-Barr Virus HHV 4
90
MONONUCLEOSIS
Heterophil-Positive:
Epstein-Barr Virus
91
Heterophil-Negative:
î Cytomegalovirus
î Toxopasma
92
Use of amoxicillin in
mononucleosis can cause
characteristic
maculopapular rash.
93
Epstein-Barr Virus MOT
saliva
94
Oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV patients
Epstein-Barr Virus
95
- rose-colored macules appear on body after several days of high fever;
can present with febrile seizures; usually affects infants
- Nagayama spots: erythematous papules on soft palate and base of the uvula
ROSEOLA, EXANTHEM SUBITUM, SIXTH DISEASE
96
Site of Latency HHV 6 and 7
T lymphocytes or CD4 cells
97
Epstein Barr Virus site of latency
B cells C3d complement
98
- most common AIDS-related malignancy - malignancy of the vascular endothelial cells
-Dark/violaceous plaques or nodules representing vascular proliferation
KAPOSI SARCOMA HHV 8
99
CMV OR HHV 5 MOT
Human body fluids
Transplacental
Organ transplantation
