Doctrine Flashcards
Year of the Monroe Doctrine
1823
Purpose of the Monroe Doctrine
- The Monroe Doctrine declared an end to European colonisation in the Western Hemisphere. No further colonies would be permitted, the new world was closed to the Europeans in this sense.
- America was staunchly anti-colonialism, and viewed colonialism as Europe attempting to extend their system, which they viewed as dangerous to their own security.
Context behind the Monroe Doctrine
This doctrine was implemented during the continental era, as the United States spread across the continent, focusing on nation building and creating their own national image.
President/Secretary behind the Truman Doctrine
President Truman and Mr George Kennan/Mr X
Year of 14 points
1918
Purpose of the Truman Doctrine
Proclaims Containment doctrine: the US will assist Greece and Turkey to defeat communist insurgencies
Context behind the Truman Doctrine
A weak Britain had previously been supporting Greece, however America was waiting for them to pull out eventually.
If Greece were lost, so would Turkey. Which has obvious effects for the Middle East. Russia would gain control of the Dardanelles. This would sink Morale in Italy, Germany and France.
President/Secretary behind the Guam Doctrine
Nixon
Year of the Shanghai Communique
1972
Purpose of the 14 points
- Outlined the US aims for after WW1
- Absolute freedom of navigation upon seas alike in peace and in war
- the removal so far as possible of all economic barriers and the establishment of equality of trade conditions
- general association of nations formed under specific covenants and diplomacy.
Context behind the 14 points
These 14 points allowed Wilson to sell the war as the ‘war to end war’, which would change the way European countries would engage with each other, when they had really been provoked by unrestricted sub warfare and the Zimmerman note.
We can see the seeds of the League of Nations here.
President/Secretary of the Open Door Doctrine
Secretary of State John Hay
Purpose of the Shanghai Communique
The Normalisation of US-China Relations, which excluded China from the Containment Doctrine and recognised the Communist Government of China and awarded them the UN seat as opposed to Taiwan.
Engagement rather than containment.
Purpose of the Guam Doctrine
Sets out limits to US-Asian engagement
Context behind the Open Door Doctrine
China was being carved into trading zones by the European powers, while the US was being excluded from this. The United States was against the creation of exclusive economic zones in China. Echoed the principles of free trade, navigation and open seas.
Occurred during the Regional Era, which saw the US comes the closest it came to being an empire; focusing on political stability and economic expansion.
