Doing psychology

Question 1

What do interviews allow for?

Answer 1

Allows participants to answer in their own ways

Question 2

What do we get from qualitative research interviews?

Answer 2

• participants own language
• richness of how people talk about their views, lives etc.
• discover what interviewee wants to talk about

Question 3

What is a quantitative interview ?

Answer 3

Interview schedule with fixed set of interview questions

Question 4

What are the features of a quantitative interview?

Answer 4

• short specific questions
• fixed order of questions
• no prompting
• rapport with interviewee is formal
• statistical analysis will be used to analyse results

Question 5

What is a qualitative semi-structured interview?

Answer 5

Interview has a schedule but only guiding interview. Interviewer has topics to cover but attempts to enter in world of interviewee and allows interview to develop unexpected themes

Question 6

What are the features of a qualitative semi-structured interview?

Answer 6

• order of questions are not so important
• there is probing
• relatively informal style
• attempts to establish rapport with interviewee

Question 7

What is a qualitative unstructured interview?

Answer 7

Interview has a schedule but does not need to be strictly followed. Interviewer has topics to cover but wants interviewees to talk at length about themselves and their history in their own words

Question 8

What are the features of a qualitative unstructured interview?

Answer 8

• order of questions are not important
• probing/ follow up questions
• attempts to establish closer relationship

Question 9

What interview method is best for covering sensitive topics/ misrepresented voices?

Answer 9

A qualitative unstructured interview

Question 10

What are focus groups also referred to as?

Answer 10

Referred as group interviews

Question 11

In focus groups, how does the researcher act?

Answer 11

Researcher acts as a facilitator of a small group discussion

Question 12

What is a focus group?

Answer 12

These are small groups of people who share a common characteristic or experience

Question 13

What are the four stages of the research process?

Answer 13

1. planning and preparing
2. conducting interview
3. transcribing interview
4. analyse data and write up analysis

Question 14

What type of sample is used in quantitative research?

Answer 14

Big random sample (representative)

Question 15

What type of sample is used in qualitative research?

Answer 15

Small sample

Question 16

What are three examples of non-representative sampling?

Answer 16

1. purposive sampling
2. snowballing sampling
3. convenience sampling

Question 17

What is purposive sampling?

Answer 17

Selecting people on basis of relevance to research question

Question 18

What is snowballing sampling?

Answer 18

Word of mouth/ networks used to locate people who fit certain criteria

Question 19

What is convenience sampling?

Answer 19

Locating a group of people as quickly as possible to maximise convenience and minimise cost, friends, colleagues etc.,

Question 20

What is transcribing?

Answer 20

Producing a written representation of audio (or audio-video) recording

Question 21

What is orthographic transcription?

Answer 21

Transcription of what was said (word-for-word), usually using standard orthography (with or without punctuation), and including identification of each speaker in turn but no indication of prosody/ other non-linguistic clues

Question 22

What is non-linguistic transcription?

Answer 22

Transcription including non-linguistic clues, such as indication of pauses, “mms”, volume, stresses, prolongation of syllables (not standard spelling), overlaps, laughter particles, etc., including identification of each speaker in turn

Question 23

What is the most popular non-linguistic transcription?

Answer 23

Jefferson Transcription

Question 24

What is thematic analysis?

Answer 24

Method of qualitative data analysis

Question 25

What is the aim of thematic analysis?

Answer 25

Aims at searching, identifying, and analysing relevant meaning or themes (=patterns of what is being said)

Question 26

What do the themes in thematic analysis represent?

Answer 26

Themes can reflect existing theories or concepts (deductive) or can be generated from the data (inductive) or both

Question 27

What is the aim of grounded theory?

Answer 27

Aim is to develop a theory grounded in the data (inductive development of theory, that is, the theory starts with data/ empirical world)

Question 28

What do research questions in grounded theory start with and end with?

Answer 28

Start with general interest on topic rather than specific research question, and end up working on a specific research question through an active research process

Question 29

Where is data collected from in grounded theory?

Answer 29

Data is collected from people who have experience of topic of interest

Question 30

What is step one of grounded theory?

Answer 30

Establish analytic sense of our initial analysis – code data line-by-line defining the actions or events that you see as occurring in it or represented by it

Question 31

What is step two of grounded theory?

Answer 31

Focused coding: deciding which of earlier codes best capture (selective phase) what participant is doing or what is happening in data (for instance, take most significant or frequent codes of initial coding)
Raise these codes to conceptual categories and label them

Question 32

What is step three of grounded theory?

Answer 32

Memo writing: explain category by writing narrative statements and provide empirical evidence to support your definition of the category

Question 33

What is behaviourism?

Answer 33

It is the study of observable behaviour, not mind

Question 34

What has memory always been about?

Answer 34

Always been about how we remember things

Question 35

What is memory associated with?

Answer 35

It is associated with the storage/ inscription of information

Question 36

What do attitudes refer to?

Answer 36

Refer to any kind of mental disposition