Dr. Shnyra's Lectures

Question 1

Role of IL-8

Answer 1

Neutrophil migration

Question 2

What are cytokines 1-5’s main role?

Answer 2

HOT T-bone stEAk
Fever
Stimulates T cells
Stimulates Bone marrow
Stimulates IgE production
Stimulates IgA production

Question 3

Describe 3 effects IL-1 has on the body

Answer 3

Endothelial cells: activation (inflammation and coagulation)
Hypothalamus: Fever
Liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins by stimulating production of IL-6

Question 4

What cytokine has a major role in the initiation of neutrophil migration? What is it produced by?

Answer 4

TNF

Macrophages and T cells

Question 5

What cytokine plays a role in resistance to viral infection?

Answer 5

IFN-a, IFN-b
Produced by macrophages and cause increased class I MHC expression
Also activates NK

Question 6

What effect does cytokine IL-12 have?

Answer 6

Activates NK cells and induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into Th1

Question 7

What is the effect of IL-15?

Answer 7

NK proliferation and T cell proliferation

Question 8

What two cytokines have a role of controlling inflammation?

Answer 8

IL-10 and TGF-B

Question 9

What TLRs recognize Lipopeptides?

Answer 9

1 and 2

2 and 6

Question 10

What TLRs recognize Gram positive (PGN) microbes?

Answer 10

TLR 2

Question 11

What TLR recognizes Gram negative lipopolysaccharides?

Answer 11

TLR 4

Question 12

What TLR recognizes flagellin?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

What TLR recognizes dsRNA?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

What is the identification marker of granulocytes?

Answer 14

CD66b

Question 15

What is the CD marker of macrophages?

Answer 15

CD14 and CD33

Question 16

Describe classically activated macrophages

Answer 16

Microbicidal actions: phagocytosis and killing of many bacteria and fungi
Inflammation
TLR-ligands and IFN-y stimulate this pathway

Question 17

Describe alternatively activated macrophages

Answer 17

Produces IL-10 and TGF-B
Anti-inflammatory effects
Wound repair and fibrosis
Induced by IL-13 and IL-4

Question 18

What is the CD marker for NK cells?

Answer 18

CD56

Question 19

NK cells have receptors for what Ig in ADCC?

Answer 19

IgG Fc portion

Question 20

Describe ADCC

Answer 20

Cells can kill target cells without participation of complement if target coated with Ab
Plays a role in antiviral, antitumor, and anti-graft immunity
NK cells, Neutrophils and macrophages participate in ADCC (all innate immunity!!!)

Question 21

How do NK cells directly kill targets?

Answer 21

NK cells recognize infected or stressed cells through activating receptor that is always on: Active PTK; ligand for active receptor is always displayed on cells
Infected cells do not have MHC displayed with self-antigen therefor cannot activate KIR, inhibitory receptor, and causes PTP to inhibit PTK

Question 22

What cytokine causes endothelial cells to express selectins?

Answer 22

TNF

Question 23

What chemokine causes integrins on neutrophils to be in a high affinity state?

Answer 23

IL-8

Question 24

What chemokine of monocytes causes integrins to be in high affinity state?

Answer 24

MCP

Question 25

What chemoattractant causes neutrophils to migrate to Ags site after diapedesis?

Answer 25

IL-8

Question 26

What chemoattractant causes monocytes to migrate to area of Ags after diapedesis?

Answer 26

MIP1

Question 27

What CD marker can be found on DCs?

Answer 27

CD11c and CD123

Question 28

Describe the endogenous pathway

Answer 28

``` Proteins from intracellular pathogens are degraded by the proteasome and the resulting peptides are shuttled into the ER by TAP Peptides loaded onto MHC class I and complex delivered to cell surface ```

Question 29

Describe the exogenous pathway

Answer 29

Extracellular pathogens are engulfed by phagosomes. Inside phagosome, the pathogen-derived peptides are loaded directly onto MHC class II molecule

Question 30

Where are class II MHC synthesized? What is done so that the MHC does not pick up self ags?

Answer 30

In the ER. Binds to the invariant chain. Invariant chain sits in the groove and prevents MHC to bind to cell's own proteins in the ER.

Question 31

How is MHC class II empty molecules allowed to bind to non-self Ags?

Answer 31

When lysosome and endosome combine, Invariant chain degrades and leaves behind CLIP. HLA-DM removes CLIP and non-self Ags is displayed on MHC II

Question 32

What is a CD marker on all T cells?

Answer 32

CD3

Question 33

What T cell can provide one of the first defenses against pathogens in epithelial tissues?

Answer 33

Nontraditional T cells: gamma and delta chains Also have CD3 but no CD4 or CD8 Activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and not be APCs No memory

Question 34

CD3 is composed of what chains?

Answer 34

delta, epsilon and gamma

Question 35

What is the co-receptor on B cells?

Answer 35

CD21/CR2

Question 36

What is the co-receptor on T cells?

Answer 36

CD28

Question 37

What is the major inhibitory receptor on B cels, DCs, and Mo?

Answer 37

FCyRIIB

Question 38

What is the inhibitory receptor on B cells only?

Answer 38

CD22