Pharmacology - Drug Classes > Drug Classifications P1 > Flashcards

Drug Classifications P1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Desired Effects of Adrenergics

A

1) vasoconstriction (narrowing of lumen of blood vessels)
2) dilation of pupils and bronchioles
3) relaxation of GI and urinary tract muscles

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2
Q

Examples of Adrenergics that treat hypotension

A

1) isoproterenol (ex. Isuprel)

2) norepinephrine (ex. Levophed)

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3
Q

Examples of Adrenergics for decongestion

A

1) naphazoline (ex. Naphcon)
2) phenylephrine (ex. Neo-Synephrine)
3) pseudoephedrine (ex. Sudafed)
4) tetrahydrozoline (ex. Visine)

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4
Q

Indications for Use of Adrenergics

A

1) Stop superficial bleeding
2) Raise and sustain blood pressure
3) Relieve nasal congestion
4) Relieve redness, burning, irritation, and dryness of the eyes

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4
Q

Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Adrenergics

A
  • chest pain
  • tachycardia
  • headache
  • increased blood glucose levels
  • nervousness
  • tremors
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5
Q

Desired Effects of Adrenergic Blockers

A

1) Cause vasodilation
2) Reduce blood pressure
3) Increase muscle tone of GI walls

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6
Q

Examples of Adrenergic Blockers

A

1) valsartan (ex. Diovan)
2) propanolol (ex. Inderal)
3) atenolol (ex. Tenormin)
4) carvedilol (ex. Coreg)
5) tamsulosin (ex. Flomax)
6) metoprolol (ex. Lopressor)

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7
Q

Indications for Use of Adrenergic Blockers

A

1) Control hypertension and peripheral vascular disease

2) Treat prostatic hyperplasia

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8
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Adrenergic Blockers

A
  • Confusion
  • Lowering of BP
  • Lowering of blood glucose
  • Fatigue
  • Reduced heart rate
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9
Q

Desired Effects of Analgesics

A

1) Reduce the sensory function of the brain

2) Block pain receptors

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10
Q

Examples of Analgesics (Nonnarcotic OTCs)

A

1) aspirin
2) acetaminophen (ex. Tylenol)
3) ibuprofen (ex. Advil, Motrin)

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11
Q

Examples of Analgesics (Narcotics)

A

1) hydrocodone w/ APAP (ex. Tylenol with codeine)
2) oxycodone (ex. OxyContin)
3) meperidine (ex. Demerol)
4) hydrocodone (ex. Vicodin)

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12
Q

Indications for Use of Analgesics

A

Relieve pain

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13
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Analgesics

A

Nonnarcotic:

  • GI disorders
  • liver and kidney disorders
  • tinnitus

Narcotic:

  • suppression of vital signs
  • agitation
  • blurred vision
  • confusion
  • constipation
  • oversedation
  • restlessness
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14
Q

Desired Effects of Anesthetics

A

1) Produce insensibility to pain or the sensation of pain
2) Block nerve impulses to the brain, resulting in unconsciousness
3) Dilate pupils
4) Lower blood pressure
5) Reduce respiratory and pulse rates

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15
Q

Examples of Local Anesthetics

A

1) benzocaine (ex. Dermoplast, Solarcaine)
2) lidocaine (ex. Xylocaine)
3) bupivacaine (ex. Marcaine)
4) lidocaine topical (ex. Lidoderm)
5) procaine (ex. Novocain)

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16
Q

Examples of General Anesthetics

A

1) midazolam (ex. Versed)

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17
Q

Indications for use of Anesthetics

A

Produce local anesthesia (absence of sensation without loss of consciousness) or general anesthesia (loss of consciousness)

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18
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Anesthetics

A
  • hypotension
  • cardiopulmonary depression
  • sedation
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • headaches
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19
Q

Desired Effect of Antacids/Proton-Pump Inhibitors

A

Reduce acidity in the stomach

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20
Q

Examples of Antacids

A

1) omeprazole (ex. Prilosec)
2) esomeprazole (ex. Nexium)
3) rabeprazole (ex. Aciphex)
4) lansoprazole (ex. Prevacid)
5) pantoprazole (Protonix)

OTCs:
1) magaldrate (ex. Riopan)

2) calcium carbonate (ex. Maalox)

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21
Q

Indications for Use of Antacids

A

1) Treat gastric hyperacidity

2) Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

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22
Q

Side effects and adverse reactions of Antacids

A
  • constipation
  • diarrhea
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • flatulence
  • kidney stones
  • osteoporosis
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23
Q

Desired Effects of Antianxiety Agents

A

Reduce anxiety and tension

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24
Examples of Antianxiety Agents
1) chlordiazepoxide (ex. Librium) 2) clonazepam (ex. Klonopin) 3) chlorazepate (ex. Tranxene) 4) diazepam (ex. Valium) 5) alprazolam (ex. Xanax) 6) temazepam (ex. Restoril) 7) triazolam (ex. Halcion)
25
Indications for Use of Antianxiety Agents
1) Produce calmness and release muscle tension | 2) Sedation
26
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antianxiety Agents
- agitation - amnesia - bizarre behaviors - confusion - reduced WBC count - depression - drowsiness - lethargy - oversedation - tremors - photosensitivity
27
Desired Effects of Antibiotics
Kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms
28
Examples of Antibiotics
1) azithromycin (ex. Zithromax) 2) levofloxacin (ex. Levaquin) 3) cefaclor (ex. Ceclor) 4) tetracycline (ex. Sumycin) 5) amoxicillin (ex. Amoxil) 6) amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (ex. Augmentin) 7) cefadroxil (ex. Duricef) 8) ciprofloxacin (ex. Cipro) 9) cephalexin (ex. Keflex) 10) doxycycline (ex. Vibramycin)
29
Indications for Use of Antibiotics
Treat bacterial invasions and infections
30
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antibiotics
- hypersensitivity reaction - nausea - diarrhea - GI distress - light sensitivity - urticaria
31
Desired Effects of Anticholinergics
1) Parasympathetic blocking agents | 2) Reduce spasms in smooth muscles
32
Examples of Anticholinergics
1) scopolamine or atropine sulfate 2) tiotropium inhalation (ex. Spiriva) 3) dicyclomine (ex. Bentyl) 4) ipratropium (ex. Atrovent)
33
Indications for Use of Anticholinergics
1) Dry secretions before surgery | 2) Prevent bronchospasm
34
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Anticholinergics
- blurred vision - confusion - reduced GI and genitourinary motility - dilation of pupils - fever - flushing - headache - increased heart rate
35
Desired Effects of Anticoagulants
Delay or block clotting of blood
36
Examples of Anticoagulants
1) rivaroxaban (ex. Xarelto) 2) heparin 3) enoxaparin sodium (ex. Lovenox) 4) warfarin sodium (ex. Coumadin) 5) tinzaparin (ex. Innohep)
37
Primary Uses of Anticoagulants
1) Treat blood clots, thrombophlebitis | 2) Prevent clot formation
38
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Anticoagulants
- increased bleeding - blood irregularities - GI/liver/kidney disease
39
Desired Effects of Anticonvulsants
1) Prevent seizures | 2) Reduce excessive stimulation of the brain
40
Examples of Anticonvulsants
1) clonazepam (ex. Klonopin) 2) gabapentin (ex. Neurontin) 3) phenytoin (ex. Dilantin) 4) phenobarbital 5) carbamazepine (ex. Tegretol) 6) lamotrigine (ex. Lamictal) 7) pregabalin (ex. Lyrica) 8) topiramate (ex. Topamax) 9) valproic acid (ex. Depakene)
41
Indications for Use of Anticonvulsants
Treat epilepsy and other neurological disorders (e.g. peripheral neuropathy)
42
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Anticonvulsants
- sedation - vertigo - visual disturbances - GI disturbances - liver complications
43
Desired Effect of Antidepressants
Treat depression
44
Examples of Antidepressants
1) venlafaxine hydrochloride (ex. Effexor) 2) sertraline (ex. Zoloft) 3) escitalopram (ex. Lexapro) 4) duloxetine (ex. Cymbalta) 5) bupropion (ex. Wellbutrin) 6) trazodone HCl (ex. Desyrel) 7) fluoxetine (ex. Prozac) 8) imipramine pamoate (ex. Tofranil) 9) amitriptyline (ex. Elavil) 10) citalopram (ex. Celexa)
45
Indications for Use of Antidepressants
1) Elevate mood | 2) Treat other neurologic disorders (e.g. migraines)
46
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antidepressants
- anorexia - anxiety - sexual dysfunction - fatigue - drowsiness - vertigo - weight gain - confusion - blurred vision
47
Desired Effect of Antiemetics
Act on hypothalamic center in the brain to reduce or prevent nausea and vomiting
48
Examples of Antiemetics
1) prochlorperazine (ex. Compazine) 2) trimethobenzamide (ex. Tigan) 3) metoclopramide (ex. Reglan) 4) granisetron (ex. Kytril) 5) ondansetron (ex. Zofran) 6 promethazine (ex. Phenergan)
49
Indications for Use of Antiemetics
1) Prevent and relieve nausea and vomiting | 2) Manage motion sickness
50
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antiemetics
- dry mouth - sedation - drowsiness - diarrhea - blurred vision
51
Desired Effects of Antifungals
Slow or retard multiplication of fungi
52
Examples of Antifungals
1) miconazole (ex. Monistat) 2) nystatin (ex. Mycostatin) 3) fluconazole (ex. Diflucan) 4) ketoconazole (ex. Nizoral) 5) terbinafine (ex. Lamisil)
53
Indications for Use of Antifungals
Treat systemic or local fungal infections
54
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antifungals
- anemia - chills - hypotension - vertigo - fever - kidney and liver damage - malaise - photophobia - muscle and joint pain
55
Desired Effects of Antihistamines
1) Counteract the effects of histamine by blocking action in tissues 2) May be used to inhibit gastric secretions
56
Examples of Antihistamines
1) cetirizine (ex. Zyrtec) 2) fexofenadine (ex. Allegra) 3) loratadine (ex. Claritin, Alavert) 4) chlorpheniramine (ex. Chlor-Trimeton) 5) diphenhydramine (ex. Benadryl) 6) promethazine (ex. Phenergan) 7) cimetidine (ex. Tagamet) 8) ranitidine (ex. Zantac)
57
Indications for Use of Antihistamines
1) Relieve allergies | 2) Prevent gastric ulcers
58
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antihistamines
- CNS depression - muscle weakness - epigastric distress - dry mouth
59
Desired Effects of Antihypertensive Agents
1) Block nerve impulses that cause arteries to constrict 2) Slow the heart rate, reducing its contractility 3) Restrict the hormone aldosterone in the blood
60
Examples of Antihypertensive Agents
1) amlodipine (ex. Norvasc) 2) atenolol (ex. Tenormin) 3) doxazosin mesylate (ex. Cardura) 4) metoprolol (ex. Lopressor or Toprol) 5) methyldopa (ex. Aldomet) 6) valsartan (ex. Diovan) 7) amlodipine plus benazepril (ex. Lotrel) 8) propranolol (ex. Inderal) 9) diltiazem (ex. Cardizem) 10) nifedipine (ex. Procardia) 11) benazepril (ex. Lotensin) 12) lisinopril (ex. Prinivil, Zestril) 13) losartan (ex. Cozaar)
61
Indications for Use of Antihypertensive Agents
Reduce and control blood pressure
62
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Antihypertensive Agents
- headache - vertigo - GI disturbances - rash - hypotension - nonproductive cough
Pharmacology - Drug Classes
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