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Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Induces free radical formation to break DNA strands

Anti-tumor antibiotic

A

Bleomycin

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2
Q

Intercalates into DNA preventing RNA synthesis

Anti-tumor antibiotic

A

Dactinomycin

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3
Q

Generates free radicals and intercalates into DNA to break DNA as well as interfere with Topoisomerase II
Anti-tumor antibiotic

A

Anthracyclines

–rubicins

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4
Q

Prevents IL-2 transcription; Binds Cyclophilin. Inhibits Calcineurin. Immunosuppresant

A

Cyclosporin

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5
Q

Prevents IL-2 transcription; binds FK506/ FKBP; inhibits Calcineurin. Immunosuppresant

A

Tacrolismus

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6
Q

mTOR inhibitor; binds FKBP; Prevents IL-2 response. Immunosuppresant

A

Sirolismus

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7
Q

Blocks the IL-2 Receptor directly

Immunosuppresant

A

Basiliximab

Daclizumab

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8
Q

Blocks Nucleotide synthesis (purines) thus inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation. Immunosuppresant

A

Azothiprine

6MP

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9
Q

Reversibly inhibits IMP DHAse preventing purine synthesis of B & T cells. Immunosuppresant

A

Mycophenolate Mofetil

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10
Q

Inhibits NFKB to reduce the transcription of cytokines. Induces T cell and Eosinophil apoptosis. Immunosuppresant.

A

Glucocorticoids

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11
Q

Antibody that targets:

Platelet GPIIb/IIIa

A

ABCiximab

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12
Q

Antibody that targets:

Rank-L

A

Denosumab

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13
Q

Antibody that targets:

IgE

A

Omalizumab

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14
Q

Antibody that targets:

RSV F protein

A

Palivizumab

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15
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
TNF- alpha
RA, IBD, Psoriasis

A

Infliximab

adalimumab

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16
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
C5 complement
Paroxysomal Nocturnal Hemeglobinuria

A

Eculizumab

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17
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
IL-17A
Psoriasis

A

IxeKizumab

secukinumab

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18
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
Alpha-4 Integrin
MS, IBD (PML risk)

A

Natalizumab

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19
Q

Autoimmune therapeutic antibody that targets:
IL-12/IL-23
Psoriasis

A

Ustekinumab

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20
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
CD52
CLL, MS

A

Alemtuzumab

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21
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
VEGF
RCC, Colon Cancer, Lung cancer

A

Bevisizumab

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22
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
CD20
CLL, MS, RA, Non-Hodgkin B cell lymphomas

A

Rituximab

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23
Q

Cancer therapy antibody that targets:
HER2
Breast/GI cancer

A

Trastuzumab

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24
Q

General Type I DM treatment

A

Insulin

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25
General Type II DM treatment
Metformin (1st line) Weight loss, Non-Insulin injectables, Insulin
26
Gestational DM
Nutrition/ Exercise (1st line) | Insulin Replacement
27
For DKA & stress hyperglycemia use
Rapid acting insulin
28
mnemonic for DM drugs
To Normalize Pancreatic Function | Glit, Glin, Glip, Glif
29
Rapid Acting Insulin that peaks in and Hour | 3
Lispro Aspart Glulisine (no LAG)
30
Regular Short acting insulin peaks at ___ hours
2–3
31
Intermediate acting insulin that peaks at 4–10 hours
NPH
32
Long acting insulin with no real peak
Determine, Glargine
33
Adverse Effects include Weight Gain Hypoglycemia Lipodystrophy
Insulin
34
inhibits mGPD to ↓ Gluconeogenesis & Glucagon. | ↑ Glycolysis & Insulin
Metformin (Biguanides)
35
Activates PPAR- GAMMA to ↑ insulin sensitivity/ adiponectin
–Glitazones | Glitazones–Gamma
36
Close K+ channels in pancreatic Beta cells to depolarize and ↑ insulin secretion via Calcium influx
Sulfonyureas (1:Chlopropamide, Tolbutamide) (2: Glipizide, GLyburide) Meglitinides (–glinides)
37
↓ Glucagon & Gastric emptying | ↑ Glucose DEPENDENT insulin release
GIP-1 analogs Exenatide Liraglutide
38
Inhibit DPP4 enzymes ↓ GIP-1 causing ↓ Glucagon & gastric emptying ↑ Glucose DEPENDENT insulin release
–Gliptins
39
Block Glucose reabsorption in the PCT
SGLT2 inhibitors | –Gliflozin
40
Inhibit intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidase to ↓ glucose absorption & post-meal hyperglycemia
Acarbose | Miglitol
41
↓ Glucagon release & Gastric Emptying | Amylin Analog
Pramlintide
42
``` Use with/ Caution in Renal Insufficiency Diabetes Drugs (4) ```
Metformin SGLT-2 inhibitors Sulfonylureas –Glinides
43
Diabetes drugs contraindicated in Renal Insufficiency
Acarbose | Miglitol
44
Diabetes Drugs causes B12 deficiency Lactic Acidosis
Metformin
45
Diabetes Drugs | causing weight gain
–Glitazones –Glinides Sulfonylureas
46
Diabetes Drugs | causing weight loss
Metformin Exenatide, Liraglutide –Gliflozins
47
Diabetes Drugs | Efficacy ↓ with ↓ GFR
–Gliflozins
48
Diabetes Drugs | causes Edema, HF, fractures
–Glitazones
49
Diabetes Drug | causes Disulfram like reaction
Chlorpromide | Tolbutamide
50
Diabetes Drugs | causes ↑ risk of MI & Cardiovascular death
Rosiglitazone
51
Diabetes drug causes hypoglycemia
–Glinides Sulfonylureas Pramlintide
52
Diabetes drugs that cause UTIs Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Orthostatic Hypotension (fall risk)
–Gliflozins
53
↓ Aqueous humor synthesis. Beta blockers (3)
Timolol Betaxolol Carteolol
54
↓ Aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction. Alpha agonist
Epinephrine
55
↓ Aqueous humor synthesis. Alpha agonist
Apraclonidine | Brimonidine
56
↓ Aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase
Acetazolamide
57
↑ Aqueous humor outflow via contraction of ciliary muscles. N3 Cholinomimetics.
Direct: Pilocarpine Indirect: Physostigmine, Echothiophate
58
↑ Aqueous humor outflow via ↓ resistance to flow through the uveoscleral canal via prostaglandins
Latanoprost | Bimatoprost
59
Darkens the color of the Iris & ↑ eyelash growth
Latanoprost | Bimatoprost
60
↑ PPAR- ALPHA ↑ Lipoprotein lipase ↑ TG clearance ↑ risk of Gallstones ↑ Cholesterol ↓ Bile acid production
–FIbrates | Gemfirozil
61
The insulin receptor is a ____ receptor which induces autophosphorylation
Transmembrane Tyrosine Kinase
62
Insulin __ glucose reabsorption and glycolysis
↑
63
Stimulates pancreatic Beta cells to release secretory granules
Glimiperide | Sulfonylurea
64
Inhibits alpha glucosidase (breaks down of carbohydrate dissacharides) resulting in ↓ glucose absorption
Acarbose (good post meal control)
65
1st line oral hypoglycemic agent inhibit mitochondrial Glycerolphosphate DHase & ↓ gluconeogenesis
Metfromin
66
Metfromin is contraindicated in renal failure and
Heart Failure
67
↑ adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, omentin) transcription
Pioglitazone
68
Hydrolyzes dipeptides bonds on polypeptides | Diabetes drugs
–Gliptins
69
Glucose clearance approximately ='s GFR when there is ____ glucose reabsorption
zero | SGLT2 inhibitors
70
Ach Esterase inhibitor ↑ Ach. 1st line treatment for Alzheimer disease. May cause Insomnia
Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantine
71
NMDA (glutamate) receptor antagonist; helps prevent excitotoxicity (mediated by calcium)
Memantine | *AE: Hallucination
72
↓ Neuronal Gultamate excitotoxicity. | ↑ SURVIVAL
Riluzole | ALS- Lou Gerig's
73
Inhibits vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) causing ↓ Dopamine vesicle packaging and release
Tertrabenazine | Huntington Chorea/ Dyskinesia
74
Parkinson drug | Dopamine Agonist
Bromocriptine, Ropinirole, Pramipexole
75
↑ Dopamine release ↓ Dopamine re-uptake Enhances effects of Dopamine
Amantadine
76
Dopamine agonist that can also be used for Hyperprolactinemia
Bromocriptine
77
Dopamine agonist that has a long half life & delays the need to start Levodopa (thus postponing motor symptoms)
Bromocriptine
78
Blocks peripheral conversion of L-Dopa to Dopamine by inhibiting DOPA carboxylase. (Reduces N/V symptoms)
Carbidopa | + L-Dopa
79
Agents prevent peripheral (Pre-BBB) L-Dopa degradation to ↑ central L-Dopa
Levodopa Carbidopa Entacapone Talcapone
80
Prevent peripheral L-Dopa degradation to 3-OMD by inhibiting COMT. Used in conjunction with Levodopa
Entacapone | Talcapone
81
Agents act centrally (Post-BBB) to inhibit breakdown of Dopamine
Selegine Rasagiline Talcapone
82
Block conversion of Dopamine into DOPAC by selectively inhibiting MAO-B
Selegine | Rasagiline
83
Crosses BBB and blocks conversion of Dopamine to 3-MT in the brain by inhibiting central COMT
Talcapone
84
Anticholinergics/muscarinic that improves the tremor and rigidity of drug induced Parkinson
Benzotropine | Trihexyphenidyl
85
Can lead to On/Off phenomenon with improved mobility during on periods and reduced motor function during off period.
Carbidopa/Levodopa

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