Earth Science

Question 1

Lithosphere

Answer 1

The lithosphere is the outer part of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Question 2

Asthenosphere

Answer 2

The asthenosphere is the upper layer of the earth’s mantle below the lithosphere in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow.

Question 3

Mantle

Answer 3

The mantel is the part of the earth between the core and the crust is where the mantel is.

Question 4

Core

Answer 4

The Earth’s inner core is the Earth’s innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres.

Question 5

Seismic waves

Answer 5

The seismic waves of energy that travel through the Earth’s crust, caused by earthquakes.

Question 6

Continental drift

Answer 6

The continental drift is the movement of the plates of the Earth’s crust in relation to each other.

Question 7

Panthalassa

Answer 7

The Panthalassa is the vast sea surrounding the supercontinent of Pangaea.

Question 8

Plate tectonics

Answer 8

Plate tectonics is the theory concerning the movement of the continental plates.

Question 9

Convection current

Answer 9

The convection current of the circular movement that occurs when warmer less dense fluid particles rise and cooler denser fluid particles sink.

Question 10

Continental crust

Answer 10

The continental crust is the plates of the Earth’s crust that make up the land.

Question 11

Oceanic cruste

Answer 11

The oceanic crust is the one of the types of crust that makes up the Earth’s outer layer. Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust and made up of dense rocks.

Question 12

Boundaries

Answer 12

Is the edges of tectonic plates.

Question 13

Subduction

Answer 13

Is the process in which two tectonic plates push against each other, and oceanic crust sinks below the less dense continental crust.

Question 14

Destructive plate boundaries

Answer 14

Is a convergent boundary where two plates collide.

Question 15

Hotspots

Answer 15

Is a localised place where an activity occurs.

Question 16

Constructive plate boundaries

Answer 16

Is the boundaries between sliding plates, like the San Andreas Fault in the United States.

Question 17

Tremors

Answer 17

vibration on the Earth’s surface caused by an earthquake

Question 18

Epicentre

Answer 18

the point on the Earth’s centre directly above the site where an earthquake originates

Question 19

Focus

Answer 19

the point at which an earthquake begins

Question 20

Triangulation

Answer 20

finding a location by using at least three different sources of detection

Question 21

Seismographs

Answer 21

an instrument used to detect and measure the intensity of an earthquake

Question 22

Richter scale

Answer 22

a scale that measures the amount of energy released during an earthquake

Question 23

P-wave

Answer 23

compression waves that move through the Earth in the same way that sound waves move through air

Question 24

Secondary

Answer 24

the second set of waves to be detected after P-waves. During seismic activity, secondary waves or S-waves travel in the form of transverse waves.

Question 25

S-waves

Answer 25

the second set of waves to be detected after P-waves. During seismic activity, secondary waves or S-waves travel in the form of transverse waves.

Question 26

Surface waves

Answer 26

or L-waves) earthquake waves which travel only through the Earth’s crust; they are responsible for the majority of an earthquake’s destructive power.

Question 27

Seismologists

Answer 27

or L-waves) earthquake waves which travel only through the Earth’s crust; they are responsible for the majority of an earthquake’s destructive power.

Question 28

Tsunamis

Answer 28

a powerful ocean wave triggered by an undersea earth movement.

Question 29

Meltdowns

Answer 29

the melting of a nuclear-reactor core as a result of a serious nuclear accident.