Earthquake Flashcards
Define Fault
A fracture in the rock that make up the earth’s crust
Define Epicentre
The point at the earth’s surface directly above the focus
Define focus
The point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts
Define seismic wave
Waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake
Define plates
Massive rocks that make up the outer layer of the earth’s surface and whose movement along faults trigger earthquake
Causes of earthquake
Earthquake are caused by plates movement, either toward each other or away or sliding past
The plates don’t always move at a constant rate and are often stuck on one position
Pressure builds up as the plates move
Sudden movement (fault ) means that energy is released and vibration travel through the earth as an earthquake
Factors affecting level of earthquake damage
Development of warning systems
The amount of energy released
Density of the population in the area of an earthquake epicentre
Distance from epicentre
Economic input
The depth of focus beneath the surface
How solid the bedrock is clay s to turn liquify
The resistance the building have to the disaster
Earth quake proof buildings
Automated weights on roof to reduce movement
Fire resistant building materials
No brick or reinforced concrete blocks
Rubber-shock absorbers between foundation
Open area where people can assemble if evacuated
Roads to provide access by ambulance & Fire engines
Interlocking steel frames which can sway during earth movement
Prediction
Measure earth tremor , pressure, and release of gas
Use map and facts to find pattern in time/location
Unusual animal behavior
Preparation
Build earthquake-proof buildings and road
Train emergency services
Set up warning systems
Create evacuation plan
Practice drills
Emergency food supply
Earthquake building resistant
Build stronger foundation
Use reinforcer like concrete
Use metal beams
Flexible building material
Shattered proof glass
Use fire resistant
Build low
Shock absorbers in base of building
Define earthquake
Sudden movement in the earth crust
