RAID
Redundant Array if Independent Disks
RAID 5 on EBS?
NO
RAID 1 on EBS?
sure
RAID 0 on EBS?
sure
When do you use RAID on EBS?
When you’ve exceeded the capacity io on an EBS. So you conduct RAID to stripe a few volumes together. Add multiple EBS volumes and configure them as a raid array.
How do you create a RAID volume?
Happens at the instance level. In a windows EC2 instance, use Disc Managment. Delete the volumes and then stripe or mirror. ect them together
How do you take a snapshot of a RAID
Shut down the accociated EC2 instance, and take an application level snapshot
or freeze the file system, or unmount the RAID array.
What is an AMI
Amazon Machine Image.
What should you do to take an EBS vol snapshot that serves as root devices
stop the instance first
Are snapshots of encrypted EBS volumes encrypted automatically?
YES
What type of snapshot can you share
unencrypted only
What are the two ways AMIs are categorized?
EBS backed or instance store
what does AMI stand for
Amazon Machine Image
Are elastic load balancers given static IP addresses?
NO. you just have dns address.
Are EC2s given static IP addresses?
YES
How are loadbalancers determined to be InService or OutOfService
depends on the health checks
What cloudwatch metrics are avaliable on EC2 instances by default
CPU related
Disk related
Network related
Instance related (cheking at machiene- and host-level)
How can you get logs from an EC2 instance at the network or kernal level?
Install an agent and set up logs in cloudWatch
How long is standard monitoryngi
5 minutes
how long is detailed monitoring
1 minute
what is the difference between cloudWatch and cloudTrail
coludWatch for logs within particualar survices, and monitoring of those services.
cloudTrail is for auditing your entire AWS environment
How can an EC2 instance gain access to other services WITHOUT using IAM Users?
use IAM roles
Can an IAM Role be updated on an EC2 instance?
NO
Can you add an IAM role to an EXISTING EC2 instance?
YES
How can you change the permissions of an EC2 instance role?
Add different policies to the role.
What’s more secure? IAM Roles? Or IAM Users on EC2? Why?
Roles, because no secret access key has to be stored on the ec2 instance. Roles are also easier to manage.
What region are Roles Created in by default
psyche!!! it is U N I V E R S A L.
what is a placement group
a logical grouping of instances within a single AZ.
What type of network can use of placement group enable?
low-latency, 10Gbps network
What are placement groups recommended for?
applications that benifit from low network latency, high network throughput, or both.
Are placement groups restricted to one availability zone per group?
YES
Placement group names can be the same, so long as they’re in different avaliability zones.
NO they must be unqique within entire account.
Which types of EC2 instances can be launched in a placement group
Compute Optimized, GPU, Memory Optimized, Storage Optimized.
You want to keep latency low by provisioning t2.micro, t2.small, and t2.medium instances in a placement group? What will happen?
This can’t happen. t is not allowed in placement groups.
Can you have different types of instances within a placement group?
no, must be homogenous
Can you have instances of the same family but different sizes in a placement group?
ehhh not recommended
Can you merge instance gropus
no
What is amazon EFS
Elastic File system, a file storage service for EC2
What benefits does EFS provide
it can elascitally grow and shrink automatically depending on how much storage is needed.
Can you mount an EBS to two instance volumes at once?
NO
Can you mount an EFS to two instance volumes at once
hellz yeah
How do you pay for EFS? Per storage used? or pre-provisioned
pre-povisions
what unit of bytes can EFS scale up to?
Petabytes
Is data stored in one AZ in a region, multiple AZs in a region, or multiple AZs across multiple regions?
multple AZs in one region
What type of applications is Max I/O optimized for (in EFS)
applicatios where tens to thousands of EC2 instances are accessing the file system.
You are trying to mount an EFS to EC2 instances in multiple secrity groups. What needs to happen?
You need to make sure they are in the same security group.
How do you install EFS on EC2 instances
go into the EC2 instances and use the terminal. You sudo mount with a curl command of where the EFS is located (instructions in the EFS service)
How is lambda charges calculated?
amount of memory used and time it is used in execution.
What are the different voulme types of EBS
SSD, General purpose
Whats the IOPS limit in SSD General Purpose
10,000 IOPS
when would you use the SSD, Provisioned IOPS (IO1) type of EBS volume
When you need more than 10,000 IOPS
When would you use the HHD, Throughput Optimized (ST1) type of EBS Volume
frequently accessed workloads, used for data warehousing, ie transaction logging
When would you use the HDD Cold - SC1 type of volume.
less frequently accessed data. used for file systems
Which volumes cant be used as boot vols
ST1 and SC1
HDD Magnetic Standard
cheap infrequently accessed storage.
Whats the default on Termination Protetion
off by default
What are volumes on EBS
Virtual Hard Disks
Where are snapshots of volumes stored?
in s3
How are snapshots constructed?
incrementally, only logs changes (so after first snapshot, they’re much faster)
What other name is Instance Store volumes known by
Ephemeral Storage
Can I delete a snapshot of an EBS Volume that is used as the root device of a registered AMI?
No, you must deregister the AMI before being able to delete the root device
What is GP2?
General Purpose EBS, up to 10,000 IOPS
What is IO1 and what’s an application that you would mount on it
Provisioned OPS SSD designed for IO intensive applications such as large relational NoSQL databases,
What is ST1 and when is it used
Throughput Optimized HHDs, used for big data, data warehousing.
What is SC1 and when is it used
Cold HDD (lowest cost)
