Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular System > Understanding some basic ECG disturbances > Flashcards

Understanding some basic ECG disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

Heart rate <60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Heart rate >100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some common cardiac arrhythmias?

A
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • cardiac conduction abnormalities
  • supraventricular arrhythmia
  • ventricular arrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the PR interval?

A

P wave to start of QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a normal PR interval?

A

120 - 200 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the PR segments show?

A

Between atrial and ventricular depolarisation caused by AVN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the PR segment?

A

Between end of P wave and start of QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the ST segment?

A

Between the end of the QRS complex and start of T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can the ST segment tell us about the heart?

A

Problems with coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal QRS complex length?

A

<120 ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can cause ST segment elevation?

A

Blockage in coronary artery - MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the ST interval?

A

Between the end of QRS complex and end of T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the QT interval?

A

Between the start of QRS complex and end of T wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can the QT interval be used for?

A

Some people are predisposed to arrhythmia and it is marked by long QT interval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the steps taken to analyse an ECG?

A 
1 - correct reading?
2 - identify leads
3 - check calibration
4 - identify rhyhthm
5 - look at QRS axis
6 - look at p wave
7 - look at PR interval
8 - look at QRS complex
9 - position of ST segment
10 - calculate QT interval
11 -Look at T wave
12 - check
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a normal QT interval?

A

380-420 ms

17
Q

What does sinus tachycardia look like?

A

Normal rhythm just very fast (normally physiological response to something e.g. hypovolaemia, stress)

18
Q

What does atrial fibrillation look like?

A

Dis-coordinated contraction of atria - don’t have one P wave but many little waves (fibrillation). Irregularly irregular QRS complex. Atrial and ventricular rate is fast

19
Q

What is atrial flutter

A

More coordinated than fibrillation (around the AV valve continuously in the right atrium).

20
Q

What does atrial flutter look like on an ECG?

A

Saw-toothed pattern P wave. Regular ventricular rhythm and rate is 150. Atria rate is high.

21
Q

What are two types of SVT?

A

atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT)

22
Q

What does SVT look like on an ECG?

A
  • Tachycardia
  • No clear P wave
  • Lots of QRS complexes that are narrow
23
Q

What is AVNRT and why does it cause that ECG trace?

A

Impulse is going round and round the AVN so the P and QRS are simultaneous and only QRS is seen. P wave may be just after QRS complex

24
Q

What is pre-excitation syndrome and what does it look like on the ECG?

A

P wave without iso-electric line - straight to QRS complex (which is slurred - called a delta wave). Caused by people having accessory pathways between the atria and ventricles so no property of AVN.

25
Q

What is AVRT?

A

Can be caused by an accessory pathway. Rhythm down AVN and back up the accessory pathway to atria

26
Q

Heart block - AV nodal block

A

1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree - worst (complete heart block)

27
Q

What is a 1st degree block and what does it cause in the ECG?

A

Too much of a pause before ventricular systole. Long PR interval. Caused by diseased AV node. Still 1:1 P wave to QRS.

28
Q

What is a 2nd degree block and what does it cause in the ECG?

A

Some P waves don’t get to ventricles - impulse may be lost. Some P waves are not followed by QRS complex

29
Q

What is Mobitz Type 1 (2nd degree block) and its appearance on ECG?

A

PR interval gradually increases and then a dropped beat. Once AVN cannot cope anymore, QRS is missed

30
Q

What is Mobitz Type 2 (2nd degree block) and its appearance on ECG?

A

Some missing beats but no gradual P interval lengthening. Fixed PR interval then missing beat

31
Q

What is a 3rd degree block and what does it cause in the ECG?

A

AV node doesn’t work so no conduction to ventricles. Ventricles fir on their own and so P and QRS are not associated - may occur regularly but independent. Look at P and QRS relationship to identify.

32
Q

What does a bundle branch blockage look like on an ECG and which electrodes are used?

A

Seen in QRS complex.

QRS complex widens and morphology changes depending on which bundle branch is blocked and the lead. Look at chest leads

33
Q

What does RBBB look like on an ECG?

A

Bunny ears and wide QRS

34
Q

What does LBBB look like on an ECG?

A

Deep negative S wave and wide QRS

35
Q

What does ventricular fibrillation look like?

A

Broad, irregular QRS complex (amplitude and rhythm)

36
Q

What does ventricular tachyarrhythmia look like?

A

Rapid, regular, broad

37
Q

What is Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and what does it look like on an ECG?

A

Accessory pathway and short PR interval causing ventricular pre-excitation giving a delta wave. Can predispose to AVRT.

Cardiovascular System (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions