ECG EXAM 1

Question 0

S/S of heart disease (s/shd)

Angina pectoris

Answer 0

Short attacks of pain provoked by exertion and relieved by rest

Question 1

Compromised heart function can be:

Answer 1

Altered rhythm
Weak contractions
Blocked blood flow

Question 2

S/shd

Bradycardia

Answer 2

Slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm

Question 3

S/shd

Tachycardia

Answer 3

Rapid heart rate, greater than 100 bpm

Question 4

S/shd

Claudication

Answer 4

Pain and weakness in legs when walking because of inadequate blood flow

Question 5

S/shd

Palpatation

Answer 5

Skipping or racing heartbeat felt by the patient

Question 6

S/shd

Hypertension

Answer 6

Consistent blood pressure greater then 140/90

Question 7

Arteriography/angiography

Answer 7

X-rays after injection of dye

Question 8

Cardiac catheterization

Answer 8

Visualizes heart and measures pressure

Question 9

Echocardiogram

Answer 9

Ultrasound waves to visualize heart

Question 10

Electrocardiogram

Answer 10

Tracing of the hearts electrical activity

Question 11

Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 11

Narrowing of the aorta causing decreased blood flow

Question 12

Bacterial endocarditis

Answer 12

Infection of heart lining and valves

Question 13

Myocarditis

Answer 13

Inflammation of the myocardium

Question 14

Myocardial infrarction

Answer 14

Death of heart tissue due to lack of oxygen

Question 15

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 15

Valve does not close properly

Question 16

CAD

Answer 16

Coronary Artery Disease

• Atherosclerosis that is located in coronary arteries
• This decreases blood supply to the coronary arteries
• Producing blockages in the vessels which nourish the heart itself

Question 17

PAD

Answer 17

Peripheral Artery Disease
-Results from fatty deposits (plaque) that build up in the arteries outside the heart, mainly arteries supplying legs and feet. This buildup narrows or blocks your arteries & reduces the amount of blood and O2 delivered to your leg muscles and feet

Question 18

Arteries

Answer 18

• take blood away from the heart

- contain oxygenated blood except pulmonary artery and umbilical artery

Question 19

Atherosclerosis

Answer 19

Deposits of cholesterol and lipids occur along the walls of the arteries this decreases the flexibility of the vessels and causes blockages

Question 20

Cardiomegaly

Answer 20

Enlarged heart

Question 21

Aneurysm

Answer 21

Weakness of blood vessel wall

Question 22

Phlebitis

Answer 22

Inflammation of walls of a vein

Question 23

Thrombosis

Answer 23

Blood clot

Question 24

Embolus

Answer 24

Blood clot that travels

Question 25

3 unchangeable risks for HD

Answer 25

- increasing age - 4 out of 5 people who die of CAD are 65 yrs or older. - gender, men at greater risk earlier. Women catch up after menopause - Heredity, blacks have more severe HTN

Question 26

Changeable risks for HD

Answer 26

- cigarette smoking - high cholesterol - HTN - physical inactivity - obesity and overweight - diabetes - stress

Question 27

Why do an ECG | 6

Answer 27

- evaluate how well the heart is pumping & contracting - dx electrical conduction problems within the heart - dx changes in heart rhythm - pre-op check for abnormalities - evaluate Pt health, esp. after age 40 - monitor Pts w/heart conditions

Question 28

Dr. Augusta Waller did what, when?

Answer 28

In 1887 showed electrical currents are produced by the heart and can be recorded.

Question 29

Wilhelm Einthoven did what, when?

Answer 29

He was a Dutch physiologist who invented the first electrocardiography in 1903. In 1924 he won the Nobel peace prize in physiology.

Question 30

James B. Henrick did what, when?

Answer 30

In 1918, he showed that abnormal tracings and physical symptoms could indicate MI.

Question 31

Polarization

Answer 31

Heart cells in their resting state are electrically polarized. The insides are negatively charged and the outsides are positively charged.

Question 32

Depolarization

Answer 32

State of cellular stimulation which produces a contraction ACTIVE phase. - cells of the heart lose negative charge - depolarization moves from cell to cell thru an electrical pathway. - causes the heart to contract - Na+, then Ca enters the cell to contract. Then K+ moves out and depolarization begins. The K+ tells the cells to relax for a moment.

Question 33

Repolarization

Answer 33

State of cellular recovery which follows a contraction - cardiac cells return to phase if internal negativity - during the phase the heart relaxes for refilling of its chambers

Question 34

Refractory periods

Answer 34

When cycles reset to prepare for the next wave -Absolute refractory period - no stimulus can cause another action ( toilet - no flush) -Relative refractory period - possible to cause another action but it's intensity will be relative to the time in this period (little flush)