echo class - Sheet1

Question 1

heart WALL

Answer 1

endo,myo, serouis pericardium –epicardium visceral===pericardial space___epicardium parietal

Question 2

outer layer of the pericardium

Answer 2

fibrous pericardium

Question 3

inner layer of pericardium

Answer 3

serous pericardium==parietal layer___pericardial cavity==visceral layer(epicardium)

Question 4

myocardium is made of what?

Answer 4

striated, smooth muscle

Question 5

right and left atrium are what kind of chambers?

Answer 5

filling chambers

Question 6

The RV is the most _______ chamber

Answer 6

anterior

Question 7

heart is encased in what?

Answer 7

pericardium

Question 8

at the center of the IAS os what?

Answer 8

fossa ovalis

Question 9

r and l ventricles are what kind of chambers?

Answer 9

pumping chambers

Question 10

The aortic valve lies _____ and to the ____ of the pulmonic valve

Answer 10

poterior, to the right

Question 11

The tricuspid valve lies more ______ than the mitral valve

Answer 11

inferior

Question 12

The RV is more _____ than the LV

Answer 12

anterior

Question 13

The RA is more _____ than the LA

Answer 13

anterior

Question 14

The LA is _____ to the descending aorta

Answer 14

anterior

Question 15

PA is _______ and to the _____ of the aorta

Answer 15

anterior, to the left

Question 16

Aorta is _____ and to the ______ of the PA

Answer 16

posterior, to the right

Question 17

RPA sits _____ to the ascending aorta and _____ to the descending Aorta

Answer 17

posterior, anterior

Question 18

what kind of tissue makes up the leaflets?

Answer 18

valvular tissue

Question 19

the____is a tough,fiberous ring that surrounds the superior edge of the valvular leaflets and anchors them between the atria and ventricle

Answer 19

annulus fibrosus

Question 20

the semilunar valves are three pocket like cusp that are surrounded by an______

Answer 20

annulus

Question 21

The papillary muscles consist of a _______ and ______ wall.

Answer 21

posteromedial, anteriolateral

Question 22

the RA fills more during inspiration or expiration??

Answer 22

inspiration because the pressure is lower in the RA is below the pressure in the veins and flow always travel from high pressure to low pressure

Question 23

an embryotic remnant that surves no purposeand is considered to be a normal finding. a web like structure within the Right atrium

Answer 23

chiari network

Question 24

opening at the coronary sinus

Answer 24

thesbian valve

Question 25

opening at the IVC

Answer 25

Eustacian Valve

Question 26

muscular ridge running anterior from the SVC to the IVC

Answer 26

Christae Terminales

Question 27

The atria contain muscular projections called______

Answer 27

pectinate muscles

Question 28

the _____ has the lowest O2 sat in the body

Answer 28

coronary sinus

Question 29

the ____ travels along the left anterior descending artery and collects blood from the anterior myocardium.

Answer 29

great cardiac vein(coronary vein)

Question 30

the ______ is the most anterior chamber of the heart

Answer 30

Right Ventricle

Question 31

_____ are thread-like bands of fibrous tissue that attach the mitral and tricuspid valves to the _______

Answer 31

chordae tendinae, papillary muscles

Question 32

the _____collects blood from the posterior myocardium and drain into the coronary sinus.

Answer 32

middle cardiac vein(posterior cardiac vein)

Question 33

the ______ are three or four small vessels that collect blood from the POSTERIOR SURFACE of the left ventricle and drain into the coronary sinus.

Answer 33

left cardiac veins

Question 34

The______ are three or four small vessles that collect blood from the anterior surface of the right ventricle and drain into the right atrium

Answer 34

anterior cardiac veins

Question 35

the _____ collects blood from the posterior portion of the right atrium AND right ventricle and drain into the coronary sinus

Answer 35

right or small coronary veins

Question 36

the tricuspid valve consist of three leaflets called:

Answer 36

1. anterior 2. posterior 3. medial(septal)

Question 37

the RV inflow tract consist of the tricuspid valve apparatus and criss-cross muscular bands called:

Answer 37

trabeculations

Question 38

the _____may be seen crossing the RV apex and is one of many normal muscular bands within the RV

Answer 38

moderator band

Question 39

the RV outflow tract is also known as the ________

Answer 39

infundibulum

Question 40

the MV and TV leaflets attach to the _______ which is then attached to the _____ which anchors the AV valve apparatus to the ventricular walls.

Answer 40

chordae tendinae | papillary muscles

Question 41

the pulmonary veins that deliver oxygen back to the heart are:

Answer 41

Left uppper pulmonary vein Let lower pulm vein Right upper pulm vein Right lower pulm vein

Question 42

the Pulmonic valve has three cusps called :

Answer 42

1.anterior 2.right posterior 3 Left posterior

Question 43

in certain disease states where the LA is enlarged and doesnt contract well(mitral stenosis, a-fib), the _______ must be examined to rule out clot.

Answer 43

Left atrium appendage

Question 44

the ______ is the most posterior structure of the heart

Answer 44

Left Atrium

Question 46

the left coronary cusp gives rise to the ________.

Answer 46

left coronary artery

Question 47

the lv pressure is greater than the Rv pressure by appox:

Answer 47

5 times

Question 48

the mitral valve leaflets join together at two commissures called the :

Answer 48

anteriolateral commissure and posteromedial commissure

Question 49

The aov has three coronary cusp called the :

Answer 49

right cornary left coronary non coronary

Question 50

normal LV O2 saturation is:

Answer 50

98%

Question 51

each aortic cusp is associated with a ______ which is a pocket like structure located within the aortic root just superior to the aov(aortic valve)

Answer 51

sinus of valsava

Question 52

normal RV/RA O2 saturation is

Answer 52

75%

Question 53

the _______ houses the AOV(aortic valve)

Answer 53

aortic root

Question 54

the inner layer of the aorta is called:

Answer 54

tunica intima

Question 55

in the center of the free edge of each cusp is a small nodule that ensures complete closure of the valve. These nodules are known as the ________

Answer 55

nodule of Arantius

Question 56

the arteries that come off the aortic arch are:

Answer 56

brachiocephalic(innominate) (L)common carotid (L) subclavian

Question 57

the right coronary cusp gives rise to the _______.

Answer 57

right coronary artery

Question 58

The atrioventricular valves are________ valves because they open during _______.

Answer 58

diastolic, diastole

Question 59

The semilunar valves are ________ valves because they open during _______.

Answer 59

systolic, systole

Question 60

The IVS is composed of 3 segments, they are:

Answer 60

primum: at the level of the av valves secundum(mid): at the level of the foramen ovale sinus venosum: at the level of the SVC entrance into the the RA

Question 61

Reduced endocardial motion and myocardial thickening during systole is:

Answer 61

Hypokinetic

Question 62

No systolic myocardial thickening, but may have slight endocardial motion is:

Answer 62

Akinetic

Question 63

Abnormal bulging of wall during systole and diastole is:

Answer 63

Anerurysmal