edema

Question 1

what can edema result from

Answer 1

release of histamine

systemic diseases

obstruction of lymphatic vessels

Question 2

what does lymph contain

Answer 2

WBC, plasma proteins, fats, debris

Question 3

how is an equilibrium maintained

Answer 3

as long as fluid entering the interstitial tissues via the arterioles equals the fluid leaving the venules

Question 4

what is the majority of lymph moved by

Answer 4

movement of muscles

diaphragm when breathing

peristalsis

contraction of arteries

Question 5

what are the 2 types of lymph capillaries

Answer 5

initial vessels

collecting capillaries

Question 6

do initial vessels and collecting capillaries have valves

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

what are catchments and where are they found

Answer 7

a clustering of several lymph nodes that form a bed

found in hinge areas of body (susceptible to blockages)

rate of lymph flow is through catchments is slower

susceptible to blockages

Question 8

what are axillary nodes catchments for

Answer 8

entire upper extremity and thoracic quadrant of trunk

Question 9

what are cervical nodes catchments for

Answer 9

head and face

Question 10

what are popliteal catchments for

Answer 10

foot and leg

Question 11

inguinal catchment is for what?

Answer 11

thigh, perineum, lower ab regions, same side hip

Question 12

what do the collecting ducts consist of

Answer 12

right lymphatic and thoracic duct

LARGEST VESSELS in network

Question 13

where are the watersheds in the torso

Answer 13

clavicles and scapular spines
umbilicus
vertical line at midsagittal line

Question 14

what is a watershed

Answer 14

a boundary line that gives regional organization to multiple lymphotomes

Question 15

what is a lymphotome

Answer 15

connections between groups of specific vessels and collecting capillaries from a single pathway for lymph flow

Question 16

where does the right lymphatic duct collect fluid from

Answer 16

RIGHT ARM. ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR RIGHT SHOULDER, RIGHT SIDE OF HEAD

Question 17

where does the right lymphatic duct connect to cardiovascular system

Answer 17

right jugular and subclavian veins

Question 18

3 treatment goals for edema

Answer 18

reduce edema (area) to increase tissue health

reduce edema (area) to increase circulation

decrease edema (area) to improve ROM

Question 19

lymphatic flow
BC
INS/F
LC
LV
N
V
T
D

Answer 19

blood capillaries
interstitial spaces / fluid
lymphatic capillaries
lymphatics vessels
nodes
vessels
trunks
ducts
junction of internal jugular and subclavian veins

Question 20

what is circulatory edema

Answer 20

caused by dysfunction/disease in CV system b/c of imbalance between dynamic forces of capillary filtration and reabsorption

Question 21

hypertension, venous insufficiency, kidney dysfunction, obesity typically cause what kind of edema

Answer 21

circulatory

Question 22

what is the opposite of circulatory edema

Answer 22

lymphedema

Question 23

what is primary lymphedema , when is it evident

Answer 23

congenital or genetic defect in lymphatic development

evident in early child hood begins as swelling in legs

Question 24

what is secondary lymphedema

Answer 24

occurs when nodes or vessels of lymphatic system are damaged or destroyed

Question 25

causes of secondary lymphedema?

Answer 25

surgery, radiation, virus/infection, repeated compression

Question 26

can scar tissue develop with secondary lymphedema

Answer 26

YES, it develops when a catchment that is damaged and edema uptake and lymph movement are compromised

Question 27

what is traumatic edema

Answer 27

localized and temporary swelling of tissue associated w soft tissue injury

Question 28

what is primary traumatic edema

Answer 28

amount of fluid spilled out of stretched and torn soft tissue seek OUT primary care ** amount of fluid spilled OUT

Question 29

what is secondary traumatic edema

Answer 29

amount of fluid drawn into area of damage due to increased interstitial oncotic pressure of that arm

Question 30

what are the 2 main catchments in the body

Answer 30

axilla inguinal

Question 31

how do therapists use watersheds

Answer 31

to move lymph from edematous areas to another body region w less congestion

Question 32

causes of edema

Answer 32

increased permeability of capillaries obstruction of lymphatic flow increased capillary pressure decrease of plasma protein

Question 33

increased permeability of capillaries is from what

Answer 33

inflammation, tissue trauma, immune response, burns

Question 34

obstruction of lymphatic flow is from what

Answer 34

infection parasites disease surgical removal of lymph nodes radiation congenitally

Question 35

obstruction leads to retention of plasma proteins which attracts more fluid, what is this called?

Answer 35

low flow- high protein edema

Question 36

increased capillary pressure is from what

Answer 36

heart failure thrombophlebitis pregnancy generalized allergic response

Question 37

what causes high flow low protein edema

Answer 37

lymphostatic edema

Question 38

what is lymphedema

Answer 38

chronic accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues can be primary or secondary

Question 39

what does non-pitted edema result from

Answer 39

coagulation of serum proteins in interstitial spaces, usually following local trauma or infection

Question 40

ppl with lymphedema experience an increase in urine output and urine concentrations have increased lymphedema

Answer 40

suggests the techniques work to improve the clearance of these substances

Question 41

each stroke must be repeated how many times

Answer 41

5-7 times proximal to distal

Question 42

where is traumatic edema usually found

Answer 42

local and distal to injury site looks taut and firm

Question 43

where is edema found due to local obstruction

Answer 43

whole limb distal to lesion site taut/firm puffy/congested

Question 44

edema due to a systemic condition affects where

Answer 44

the entire body

Question 45

lymphatic drainage is used to prepare the unaffected neighboring watersheds to take an increased lymph load before draining the affected lymphedematous watersheds

Answer 45

otherwise, a sudden increase in the lymphatic load in these watersheds can cause a local proximal low protein edema, potentially trapping the edema in the limb

Question 46

function of lymphatic system is presumed to be sufficient although temporarily overwhelmed by excess fluid in interstitium is what kind of edema

Answer 46

circulatory