EE.20

Question 1

what are the 7 terrestrial biomes?

Answer 1

• tropical forests
• desert
• Mediterranean
• grasslands
• temperate deciduous forests
• boreal conifer forests
• tundra

Question 2

what are the 7 aquatic biomes?

Answer 2

• rivers and streams (lotic)
• lakes and ponds (lentic)
• rocky and soft shores (littoral)
• coral reefs
• upwellings
• continental shelf (neritic)
• open sea (pelagic)

Question 3

what are the key factors determining the boundaries of biomes?

Answer 3

The seasonality and penology which incudes the rainfall and temperature

Question 4

Tropical wet forest

Answer 4

• 10 degrees N and S equator
• non seasonal rainfall
• heavy rains for short periods most days
• soils are strongly leached
• forest floor is constantly dark
• majority of total nutrients is made up from biomass

Question 5

Tropical dry forest

Answer 5

wet and dry seasons
deciduous trees which lose their leaves in the dry season
fewer epiphytes than in wet forests (plant that grows harmlessly upon another plant )

Question 6

Desert

Answer 6

20-40 degrees in both hemispheres
usually found in a continental interior or coastal rain shadow
rainfall is low and unpredictable
there is extremely high evaporative stress:xerophylly

Question 7

what type of plants and animals do you find in deserts?

Answer 7

shrubs, succulents, drought resistant grasses, colourful annuals appear post rain falls, from long persistant seed banks
rodents are a keystone species

Question 8

Mediterranean

Answer 8

summers are hot and dry
winters are warm and wet
frequent fires
spectacular springtime flowers
goats

Question 9

what is the climax community in the Mediterranean biome?

Answer 9

evergreen sclerophyllous forest

Question 10

Grasslands

Answer 10

30-50 degrees in both hemispheres
moderate and variable rainfall, drought unlikely
fires are important in the prevention of succession to scrub woodlands
dominated by grasses

Question 11

what is the key stone species found in grasslands?

Answer 11

Ungulates

Question 12

Temperate deciduous forests

Answer 12

40-50 degrees in N hemisphere and 30-50 degrees in S hemisphere
often oceanic, with mild and moist climates
long frost free growing season
predictable rainfall

Question 13

what type of flora do you find during spring time in temperate deciduous forests?

Answer 13

ephemerals, such as bluebells, as the forest floor is light from winter to early spring

Question 14

Boreal forest:Taiga

Answer 14

found in high latitides 60-70 degrees in N hemisphere
rainfall is high relative to evapotranspiration
soils are often sandy, with a high moisture capacity
long snowy winters

Question 15

what type of flora do you find in the Taiga forest?

Answer 15

Taiga is an evergreen conifer forest, which is typically dominated by spruuce

Question 16

Tundra

Answer 16

short and frost free growing season
covered in snow for over 9 months
summer temperatures are low

Question 17

what is the characteristic flora and fauna found in the Tundra biome?

Answer 17

flora - dominated by sedges, cotton grasses, mosses, lichens and dwarf shrubs
fauna- small mammals such as lemmings and snowshoe hare, which show cyclic populations

Question 18

what are the typical characteristic of tropical rain forest trees?

Answer 18

Tall and evergreen, with drip-tip leaves, they often will have large and animal dispersed fruits
there are also many epiphytes such as orchids and bromeliads

Question 19

what type of flora do you find in tropical rain forests?

Answer 19

fruit feeding birds and bats
monkeys
exceptional biodiversity of insects, such as butterflies and moths

Question 20

where can you find spectacular densities of ungulates like wildebeest and zebra?

Answer 20

savanna

Question 21

where do you often find grazing and fire tolerant plants?

Answer 21

savanna

Question 22

which biome contains succulent plants

Answer 22

Desert - cacti in the new world, and euphorbias in the old world

Question 23

what are the typical animals found in deserts?

Answer 23

most animals are nocturnal (due to high heat in the day), and they often have extreme physiologies such as camels.
rodents and ants are often keystone species

Question 24

where can you find rich colorful spring flowers, such as orchids?

Answer 24

Mediterranean

Question 25

what are the typical flora you would find in the Mediterranean?

Answer 25

``` schlerophyllous trees (leathery leaved evergreens) and shrubs Mediterranean plants are often spiny ```

Question 26

name one of the worlds most diverse biomes

Answer 26

S.African fynbos

Question 27

where can you find bison?

Answer 27

grasslands

Question 28

fossorial animals and prairie dogs are found in which biome?

Answer 28

grasslands

Question 29

which flora dominates grasslands

Answer 29

tussock grasses or clonal turf forming grasses

Question 30

oaks, maple and beech dominate this biome

Answer 30

temperate deciduous forest

Question 31

where can you find large forest ungulate such as deer?

Answer 31

temperate deciduous forest

Question 32

what types of trees do you often find in temperate deciduous forests

Answer 32

mast fruiting trees to satiate seed feeding animals and allow regeneration

Question 33

what is the dominant plant found in in the taiga biome?

Answer 33

low diversity evergreen spruce

Question 34

where can you find large migratory ungulates such as caribou and bers as the top carnivore?

Answer 34

Taiga

Question 35

the keystone species of this biome are hare and lynx

Answer 35

taiga

Question 36

which biome contains vast numbers of breeding geese and waders?

Answer 36

Tundra

Question 37

which biome has the lowest vascular plant diversity?

Answer 37

Tundra

Question 38

summaries the interactions which determine the biome type

Answer 38

the length of the growing season (frost free days, avg temp, daylength) the amount and predictability of the rainfall, the type of soil and the disturbance regimes, such as fire/goats, all interact together to determine the type of biome