Electrical Current

Question 1

It is used to alleviate pain in 46 CE.

Answer 1

Torpedo Fish

Question 2

He postulated using electrical current to produce muscle contraction and used it in animals.

Answer 2

Galvani on 1791

Question 3

It uses a battery to produce galvani current.

Answer 3

Voltas Device

Question 4

Pain Gate Theory was theorized by ______ and ______ on ________.

Answer 4

Patrick Wall and Ronald Melzack on 1960.

Question 5

This is where the pain sensation is blocked by electrical stimulation or the sensory fibers due to the closing of the gate of the dorsal horn of the gray matter in substantia gelatinosa.

Answer 5

Pain Gate Theory

Question 5

Large-diameter fibers have a quick transmission of impulses, due to their myelination these types of fibers are activated by non-noxious stimuli, such as light touch, pressure, and hair movement.

Answer 5

A beta fibers

Question 6

A smaller diameter fiber—they are thinly myelinated and are stimulated by noxious stimuli, such as pain and temperature, precisely sharp, intense, tingling sensations.

Answer 6

A delta fibers

Question 7

They have the slowest transmission of impulses since they are not myelinated—- these types of fibers are activated by pain and temperature, namely prolonged burning sensations.

Answer 7

C fibers

Question 8

He used the electrical current on the muscle belly of human patient.

Answer 8

Duchenne

Question 9

What part of the body produced the most greatest muscular contraction?

Answer 9

Muscle Belly or Motor points

Question 10

1, He used a moving magnet and this magnet induced bio diversional electrical currents.
2. What does the current call?

Answer 10

1. Faraday
2. Faradic Current

Question 10

They stated that electrical currents should be called “Therapeutic Electrical Currents on _____ and was published in the ____ edition of their guidelines in the year _______.

Answer 10

APTA on 1986; 2nd edition; 2000

Question 11

Transfer of Electrons

Answer 11

Charge

Question 12

This refers to the count of the number of electrons flowing through a circuit.

Answer 12

Current

Question 13

The current is equivalent to ___ and is measured in ____.

Answer 13

The current is equivalent to I and is measured in A (amperes).

Question 14

True or False:
One ampere is the current by force of one voltage acting through the resistance of OHM’s.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Subatomic particles which carries a negative charge.

Answer 15

Electrons

Question 16

Subatomic particles which carries a positive charge.

Answer 16

Protons

Question 17

If a particle gains more electrons and it becomes negatively charged, it is called _____.

Answer 17

Anion

Question 18

If a particle loses more electrons and it becomes positively charged, it is called _______.

Answer 18

Cation

Question 19

Unit of Charge

Answer 19

Coulombs (C)

Question 20

Net charge of the object

Answer 20

Polarity

Question 21

This refers to whether the circuit component is symmetric or not.

Answer 21

Polarity

Question 22

True or False:
Diodes or an electric current flows in multiple directions and they should always be polarized.

Answer 22

False: One direction

Question 23

Positive Pole

Answer 23

Anode

Question 24

Negative Pole

Answer 24

Cathode

Question 25

This is a force created or separation of charges where two charges repel each other.

Answer 25

Electrical Field

Question 26

This refers to a force capable of moving charged particles through a conductor.

Answer 26

Voltage or Potential Difference

Question 27

The opposite direction of the of charge particles is called ____ and is used in direct current .

Answer 27

Resistance

Question 28

The opposite direction of the flow of charged and is used in direct current.

Answer 28

Resistance

Question 29

It has the same role as resistance but is used in alternating current circuits.

Answer 29

Impedance (Z)

Question 30

This allows free movement.

Answer 30

Conductors

Question 31

It does not allow movement.

Answer 31

Insulators

Question 32

OHM's Law

Answer 32

VIR

Question 33

The amount of current that is proportional to the voltage applied to a circuit and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

Answer 33

OHM's Law

Question 34

It is an electrical charge that only flows in one direction.

Answer 34

Direct Current

Question 35

Direct currents is good for?

Answer 35

Denervated Muscles and wound healing.

Question 36

A current that changes it current periodically, it passes through one pole then passes through another pole.

Answer 36

Alternating Current

Question 37

Alternating current is suitable for?

Answer 37

Muscle contraction and Equal Ionic Flow

Question 38

The degree to which charge is stored.

Answer 38

Capacitance

Question 39

A form of resistance, but its frequency is dependent.

Answer 39

Impedence

Question 40

The distance between similar points on back-to-back waves.

Answer 40

Wavelength

Question 41

Number of cycles per second

Answer 41

Frequency

Question 42

It refers to the currents that is delivered discontinuously in a series of pulses with a period of no current flow and with current flow.

Answer 42

Pulsed Current

Question 43

This passes through one pole only.

Answer 43

Monophasic/Uniphasic

Question 44

Passes through two poles (positive and negative).

Answer 44

Biphasic /Bidirectional

Question 45

Balanced both poles

Answer 45

Symmetrical

Question 46

Unbalanced or balanced charge in each pulses

Answer 46

Asymmertrical

Question 47

This current is used in a therapeutic setting and is a medium-frequency current.

Answer 47

Interferential Current

Question 48

Interferential Current produces a frequency of _______, which addresses pain.

Answer 48

less than 250Hz

Question 49

Also called medium frequency

Answer 49

Carrier Frequency

Question 50

Carrier Frequency carries a values of _________ Hz to _________ Hz.

Answer 50

1,000 to 10,000 Hz.

Question 51

Net effect when two carrier frequencies meet

Answer 51

Beat frequency

Question 52

Allows gradual changing of the frequency since the structure in our body would have an effect of a sudden change of frequency.

Answer 52

Sweep-frequency modulation

Question 53

Modulate the intensity being emitted by the interferential current.

Answer 53

Scan-current amplitude modulation.

Question 54

Used two circuits which means there are 4 electrode pads, and used in smaller areas.

Answer 54

Premodulated current

Question 55

It has a 2,500 Hz carrier frequency and uses medium frequency current, which produces 50 bursts per second.

Answer 55

Russian Protocol

Question 56

1. This is a uni-directional PC current with a pause. 2. What is its function?

Answer 56

1. Monophasic Pulsed Current 2. This promotes tissue healing and acute edema management.

Question 57

1. This is a bidirectional PC current with an off-time. 2. What is its function?

Answer 57

1. Biphasic Pulsed Current 2. This controls pain and produces contraction.

Question 58

This is a twin-peaked monophasic pulsed current waveform with peak voltage typically 150-500 v. This is used for pain modulation and wound tissue healing. Also, it has a longer off-time.

Answer 58

High Volt Pulsed Current (HVPC)

Question 59

Produces therapeutic effects to the body, pain modulation and muscle contraction.

Answer 59

Beats

Question 60

Cloverleaf pattern

Answer 60

Quadripolar

Question 61

State the time-dependent parameters of Electrical Current

Answer 61

1. Frequency 2. Pulse Duration 3. Interpulse Interval 4. Interphase Interval 5. Rise time and decay time

Question 62

State the treatment parameters

Answer 62

6. On and Off Ratio 7. Duty Cycle 8. Ramp Cycle 9. Amplitude 10. Modulation 11. Burst-mode

Question 63

Refers to the pulse width and period when a single electrical pulse current flows actively.

Answer 63

Pulse Duration

Question 64

Gap or period wherein there is a gap in between each pulse.

Answer 64

Interpulse Duration

Question 65

In between pulse duration/phase duration.

Answer 65

Interphase Interval

Question 66

It is used for the gradual emission of electrical current to the body.

Answer 66

Rise time and Decay Time

Question 67

The time it takes to reach the peak current from 0 to the highest amplitude set.

Answer 67

Rise Time

Question 68

Time it takes to decrease from peak back to zero.

Answer 68

Decay Time

Question 69

For consideration of the conditions. 1:3 or 1:5 or 1:1

Answer 69

On and Off Ratio

Question 70

Refers to the on-time to the total cycle of off time.

Answer 70

Duty Cycle

Question 71

Refers to the on and off-time ratio.

Answer 71

Total Cycle

Question 72

The time it takes for the current to increase to its maximum intensity.

Answer 72

Ramp Up

Question 73

The amount of time it takes for the current to decrease its intensity.

Answer 73

Ramp Down

Question 74

Thr magnitude of the current or voltage.

Answer 74

Amplitude

Question 75

The pattern of variations wherein you could control, and purpose is to limit neutral adaptation to electrical stimulation.

Answer 75

Modulation

Question 76

Common in Russian currents, this refers to the series of pulses delivered in a single pulse.

Answer 76

Burst Mode

Question 77

The time of the start and end of the burst.

Answer 77

Burst Duration

Question 78

Effects of the Electrical Currents

Answer 78

1. Nerve Depolarization 2. Strength Duration Curve 3. Muscle Depolarization 4. Ionic Effects of Electrical Currents

Question 79

Drug for anti-inflammation

Answer 79

Dexamethasone

Question 80

Drugs for muscle relaxation

Answer 80

Magnesium Sulfate

Question 81

Drugs for edema

Answer 81

Hyalunoridase

Question 82

Clinical Application for Electrical Currents

Answer 82

1. Muscle Contraction 2. Pain Modulation 3. Tissue Healing 4. Transdermal Drug Delivery

Question 83

Electrotherapy Modalities

Answer 83

1. TENS 2. NMES 3. FES 4. IFC 5. Pre-Mod 6. High Voltage Pulsed Current 7. Iontophoresis