Electro Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Rheobase normal values (2)
A
2-18 mA
5-35 V
2
Q
chronaxie normal
A
<1 ms
3
Q
polar formula
A
CCC > ACC > AOC > COC
4
Q
other names for polar formula
A
erb’s law, pleuger’s law
5
Q
dubois reymond’s law
A
to electrically stimulate a nerve, there must be a sudden change in stimulus intensity
6
Q
LFC frequency
A
1-1000 Hz / 1000-2000 Hz
7
Q
ES can stimulate
A
LFC: sensory nerve, innervated and denervated ms
MFC: cannot denervated
HFC: none; deep heating
8
Q
cathode characteristics (8)
A
alkalinic, sclerolytic, tissue softening, inc NCV, red, inc risk for burns depolarization, tiny rapid gas bubbles,
9
Q
anode characteristics
A
acidic, sclerotic, tissue hardening, dec NCV, dec risk for burns, pinkish, hyperpolarization, slow large gas bubbles
10
Q
anion medication, purposes (7)
A
NaCl - adhesion
Salicylic acid - pain and inflammation
Dexamethasone - inflammation
Iodide - wound and keloid
Acetic acid - calcium deposits
Water - hyperhidrosis
Brass - metal poisoning
11
Q
cation medication, purposes (9)
A
magnesium, calcium - ms spasm
hydrocortisone - inflammation
copper sulfate - fungal infection
renotin - adhesions
lidocaine - pain
vinca alkaloid - neuropraxia (tic douloureux)
zinc sulfate - ulcer
hyaluronidase - edema
mecholyl - scleroderma
12
Q
anion, adhesions
A
NaCL
13
Q
cation, adhesions
A
renotin
14
Q
anion, pain and inflammation
A
salicylic acid
15
Q
anion, inflammation
A
dexamethasone
16
Q
cation, pain
A
lidocaine
17
Q
anion, hyperhidrosis
A
water
18
Q
anion, metal poisoning
A
brass
19
Q
anion, wound and keloid
A
iodide
20
Q
anion, calcium deposits
A
acetic acid
21
Q
cation, scleroderma
A
mecholyl
22
Q
cation, fungal infection
A
copper sulfate
23
Q
cation, zinc sulfate
A
ulcer
24
Q
cation, inflammation
A
hydrocortisone
25
Short DIC (pulse duration, frequency, sensation, motor, indication)
0.002-1ms
50-70Hz
tingling
tetanic contraction
innervated ms
26
cation, edema
hyaluronidase
27
long DIC, EPC (frequency, sensation, motor, indication)
5-10Hz
none
slow, sluggish
denervated ms
28
long DIC pulse duration
1-800ms
29
EPC pulse duration
1000-2000ms
30
faradic and sinusoidal AC (duration, frequency, sensation, motor, indication)
50Hz
tingling
tetanic ms contraction
innervated ms
31
faradic pulse duration
1ms (0.001 s)
32
sinusoidal PD
10ms
33
partial reaction of degeneration
faradic: nerve and ms dec
galvanic: nerve dec, ms inc
34
full reaction of degeneration
faradic: nerve and ms (-)
galvanic: nerve (-), slow, sluggish ms
35
absolute reaction of degeneration
faradic: nerve and ms (-)
galvanic: nerve and ms (-)
36
conventional TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
50-100 ms
50-80 pps
20-60 min
temporary
acute-chronic sensory
37
acupuncture TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
150-300 ms
1-5 pps
30-40 min
long lasting
acute motor
38
burst TENS (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
50-200 ms
50-100 pps
20-30 min
long lasting
diffused
39
brief intense (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
50-250 ms
80-150 pps
15 min
temporary
painful procedure
40
hyper stimulation (PD, freq, duration, effect, indication)
150-300 ms
1-5 pps
15 min
long-lasting
MPS
41
muscle reeducation ES waveform
asymmetric/symmetric biphasic 200-500ms
42
muscle reeducation ES PR
>60 pps
43
muscle reeducation ES SA
Max tolerable
44
muscle reeducation ES DC
1:1
45
muscle reeducation ES duration
15 mins
46
ms integrity/atrophy waveform (2)
20-300ms mono/biphasic
2500Hz in 50 bursts
47
ms integrity/atrophy PR
> 40 pps
48
ms integrity/atrophy SA
max tol
49
ms integrity/atrophy modulation
smooth and gradual contraction
50
ms integrity/atrophy DC
1:5
51
ms integrity/atrophy duration
varies
52
idiopathic scoliosis waveform
rectangular monophasic 220 ms
53
idiopathic scoliosis PR
25 pps
54
idiopathic scoliosis SA
50-70 Hz
55
idiopathic scoliosis DC
1:1
56
idiopathic scoliosis duration
gradual to 8hrs
57
spasticity direct stimulation
same as muscle reeduc
58
spasticity antagonist waveform
monophasic/biphasic 200-500ms
59
spasticity antagonist PR
30-50pps
60
spasticity antagonist SA
tolerable
61
spasticity antagonist duration
15-20 mins
62
spasticity antagonist DC
1:1 to 1:5
63
spasticity reciprocal stim waveform
monophasic/biphasic 300ms
64
spasticity reciprocal stim PR
30 pps
65
spasticity reciprocal stim SA
tolerable
66
spasticity reciprocal stim DC
5:5
67
spasticity reciprocal stim duration
15-20 mins
68
ms spasm intermittent stimulation waveform
biphasic 300 ms
69
ms spasm intermittent stimulation PR
30-50pps
70
ms spasm intermittent stimulation SA
comfortable ms contraction
71
ms spasm intermittent stimulation modulation
surge
72
ms spasm intermittent stimulation DC
1:3
73
ms spasm intermittent stimulation duration
15-20 mins
74
ms spasm high frequency stimulation waveform
monophasic/biphasic 200-300ms
75
ms spasm high frequency stimulation PR
> 60 pps
76
ms spasm high frequency stimulation SA
max tol
77
ms spasm high frequency stimulation DC
none
78
ms spasm high frequency stimulation modulation
continuous
79
ms spasm high frequency stimulation duration
15-20 mins
80
edema waveform
monophasic HVPC, asymmetrical/symmetrical biphasic 200-500 ms
81
edema PR
>60 pps
82
edema SA
max tol
83
edema DC
1:1
84
edema duration
20-30 mins
85
tissue healing low amplitude cont unidirectional stim waveform
continuous unidirectional current (ionto)
86
tissue healing low amplitude cont unidirectional stim SA
low 200-1000mA
87
tissue healing low amplitude cont unidirectional stim duration
1-2 hrs
88
tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC waveform
monophasic
89
tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC PR
85-105 pps
90
tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC SA
subthreshold motor level stim
91
tissue healing monophasic short duration c HVPC duration
30-60 mins
92
acceptable BNUR
2-6:1
93
intensity for acute, sub acute, chronic, pedia/geria
acute: 0.1-0.5 w/cm2
sub acute 0.5-1.0 w/cm2
chronic 1.0-2.0 w/cm2
pedia/geria: 0.75 w/cm2
94
circular US movement
2-3s/cycle
95
parallel US mvmt
4cm/s
96
CI for US
TIPPCarGoDVa
tumor, impaired sensation, pacemaker, pregnancy, carotid sinus, growing endplate, DVT, vital organs
97
SWD frequency and wavelength
13.56 MHz = 22m
27.12 MHz = 11 m
40.68 MHz = 7m
98
CI for SWD and MWD
MAPEH
metal implants, acute infection/condition, pregnancy, edema, hemorrhage
99
MWD (microthermy) frequency and wavelength
2450 - 122.5
915-433.9 - 330
100
IRR types, other name, wavelength, penetration
IRR A - short IRR - 770-4k - 1-3mm
IRR B - long IRR - 4k-15k - 0.5-1mm
IRR C - very long IRR - >15k - several micrometers
101
luminous IRR characteristics (5)
short IRR, hot and glowing, tungsten and carbon filaments, deeper structures, 18-24" away
102
non-luminous IRR (5)
long IRR, needs 5 mins to preheat, resistant wires, superficial structures29-36" away
103
IRR CI
FUSI-TEX
fungal infection, unreliable pts, skin infection, impaired sensation, topical cream application, eyes, after x-ray
104
UV types, other name, wavelength, penetration
UV A - long UVR - 290-400
UV B - short UVR 180-290
UV C - very short UVRR < 180
all: penetration = 2cm
105
UVR local effect (5)
pigs grow and eat dumplings
pigmentation
growth of epithelial cells
antibiotic
erythema
desquamation
106
UVR generalized effect (3)
FEN
formation of vit D
esophylactic effect
natural protection against UVR
107
UVR adverse effects (3)
burn
cancer
eye damage
108
dosimetry measurements
E1 prog, E2 & prog, E3 & prog, E4
E1 prog = 25% of E1 + E1
E2 = E1 x 2.5
E2 prog = 50% of E2 + E2
E3 = E1 x 5
E3 prog = 75% of E3 + E3
E4 = E1 x 10
109
E1 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)
6-8hrs, 1 day, p repeated exposure, p repeated exposure, mild erythema, whole, daily
110
E2 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)
4-6 hrs, 2 days, powdery, definitely, mild sunburn, 20%, every 2 days
111
E3 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)
2-4 hrs, 3 days, marked skin peeling, marked, moderate sunburn, 250cm2, 2x/wk
112
UVR dosage for acne, different regions (3)
E1 = face
E1, E2 = chest, neck
E3 = shoulder, back
113
E4 (appear, disappear, desquamation, pigmentation, characteristic, TBS, frequency)
2-4 hrs, p several weeks, --, --, blister, 25cm2, once wound heals first
114
Psoriasis tx UVR (2)
leeds regimen - coal tar bath + E1
PUVA - psoralen + UVA
115
CI for UVR
her dear friend took photo inside dubai mall
hypersensitivity to sunlight, dermatologic conditions (SLE), febrile, TB, photosensitivity, impaired sensation, deep x-ray, malignancy
116
LASER meaning
light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
117
Laser types, power, hazards (5)
1 - 0.5mw - no hazards
2 - 1 mw - safe for momentary view
3a - 5mw - laser point; eye damage p prolonged exposure
3b - 500mw - therapeutic laser, eye damage p brief exposure
4 - >500 mw - surgical/industrial
118
laser agents, indications (3)
HeNe (helium, neon)
- red visible light, superficial structures
GaAs (gallium, arsenide)
- IRR + invisible light
- deep structures
GaAlAs (gallium, aluminum, arsenide)
- CTS
119
laser indication (5)
soft tissue healing, bone healing, neuropathy, lymphedema, pain
120
russian currents DC
(strength, ms fatigue, inc ROM, edema)
strength: 1:5
ms fatigue: 5:1
inc ROM: 2:5
edema: 1:1
