Embryo Flashcards

0
Q

Mutations in homeobox genes

A

Appendages in the wrong location

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1
Q

Mutation in sonic hedghog

A

Holoprosencephaly

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2
Q

What day is implantation?

A

Day 6

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3
Q

When does the neural tube close?

A

Week 4

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4
Q

When does the heart begin to beat?

A

Week 4

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5
Q

What is derived from surface ectoderm?

A
Adenohypophysis
Lens of the eye 
Epi linings of oral cavity, sensory organs of the ear, olfactory epithelium 
Epidermis
Anal canal below the pectinate line
Parotid, sweat and mammary glands
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6
Q

What is derived from neuroectoderm?

A

CNS

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7
Q

What is derived from the neural crest?

A
PNS
Melanocytes 
Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla
Para follicular cells of thyroid 
Schwann cells 
Bones of skull
Odontoblasts 
Aorticopulmonary septum
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8
Q

What is derived from mesoderm?

A
Muscle, bone, CT, serous linings of body cavities 
Spleen 
CV 
Lymphatics
Blood
Wall of gut tube and bladder
Urethra
Vagina
Kidneys
Adrenal cortex
Dermis
Testes
Ovaries
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9
Q

What is derived from endoderm?

A
Gut tube epithelium
Lungs
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas 
Eustachian tube 
Thymus
Parathyroid 
Thyroid follicular cells
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10
Q

Failure of fusion of the neuropores

Increased AFP and AchE

A

NT defects

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11
Q

What is the urachus?

A

A duct between the bladder and yolk sac

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12
Q

What happens when the urachus fails to obliterate?

A

Urine discharge from umbilicus

Outpouching of the bladder

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13
Q

What is the vitelline duct?

A

Duct between yolk sac and midgut lumen

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14
Q

What comes from the 1st aortic arch?

A

Part of the maxillary artery (external carotid)

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15
Q

What comes from the 2nd aortic arch?

A

Stapedial artery and hyoid artery

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16
Q

What comes from the third aortic arch?

A

Common carotid artery

Proximal part if the internal carotid

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17
Q

What comes from the fourth aortic arch?

A

Aortic arch

Proximal part of right subclavian

18
Q

What comes from the sixth aortic arch?

A

Proximal part of pulmonary arteries

Ductus arteriosus

19
Q

What are the branching clefts derived from?

20
Q

What is derived from the 1st bronchial cleft?

A

External auditory meatus

21
Q

What happens with failure of obliteration of branchial clefts?

A

A persistent cervical sinus in the lateral neck

22
Q

What comes from the branchial arches?

A

Mesoderm and neural crest

23
Q

What comes from the 1st branchial arch?

A
Meckel's cartilage: mandible, malleus, mandibular ligament
Muscles of mastication 
Mylohyoid
Medial pterygoids
CN V2/3
24
What is the anomaly associated with the first branchial arch?
Treacher-Collins syndrome: first arch neural crest fails to migrate So you get mandibular hypoplasia, facial abnormalities
25
What comes from second branchial arch?
Reichert's cartilage: stapes, stylohyoid, stapedius, facial muscles CN VII
26
What comes from the 3rd branchial arch?
Greater horn of hyoid cartilage Stylo pharyngeal muscle CN IX
27
What is a congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula?
Failure of 3rd branchial arch to obliterate | Get mass in the lateral neck from fistula in the tonsillar area
28
What is derived from the 4th-6th branchial arches?
Throat cartilage 4th arch - all pharyngeal constrictors except cricothyroid and levator veli palatini, superior laryngeal branch of CN X (swallow) 6th - all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid, recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (speak)
29
What is derived from the first branchial pouch?
Middle ear, Eustachian tube, mastoid air cells
30
What is derived from the second branchial pouch?
Develops into epithelial lining of palatine tonsil
31
What happens with a failure of the second pouch to regress?
A pharyngeal fistula - lateral anterior neck mass
32
What is derived from the 3rd pouch?
Inferior parathyroids | Thymus
33
What is derived from the 4th pouch?
Superior parathyroids | Parafollicular cells of the thyroid
34
What happens from incomplete fusion of the paramesonephric ducts?
Bicornuate uterus | Uterus didelphus
35
What structures are derived from the mesonephric duct?
``` SEED Seminal vesicles Ejaculatory duct Epididymis Ductus deferens ```
36
What structures come from the paramesonephric duct?
Fallopian tubes, uterus, upper portion of vagina
37
What comes from telencephalon?
Cerebral hemispheres and 4th ventricle
38
What comes from diencephalon?
Thalamus | 3rd ventricle
39
Mesencephalon?
Midbrain and aqueduct
40
Metencephalon
Pons, cerebellum, and upper part of 4th ventricle
41
Myelencephalon
Medulla | Lower part of 4th ventricle
42
What does the ureteric bud give rise to?
Ureter Calyces Pelvises and collecting ducts
43
What does the metanephric mesenchyme do?
Interacts with the ureteric bud --> formation of glomerulus thru distal convoluted tubule