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RUSVM Public Health and Epi > Emerging Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Emerging Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Food and agricultural system changs that have an effect on pathogen emergence

A

Increased transmission due increased number of livestock

Intensive agriculture

Internal transport

Live animal markets

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2
Q

Stage 1 Diseases

A

Not common - many pathogens have multiple host species

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3
Q

Environmental system changes that effect pathogen emergence

A

Natural disasters

Climate change

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4
Q

Stage 2

A

Animal Reservoir Transmits to Humans/Other Animals but no Transmission Among Them

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5
Q

Human behavior changes that effects emergence of pathogens

A

Travel and tourism

Transmission from intentional release

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6
Q

Re-Emerging Disease

A

Known disease, previously on the decline, that is becoming more common and will likely continue to do so

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7
Q

Land use changes that have an effect on pathogen emergence

A

Extractive industries - deforestation, dredging, mining, etc

Development and changing ecosytems

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8
Q

Stage 4

A

Animal reservoir transmits to humans/ other animals with sustained transmission among them

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9
Q

Stage 5 Human Diseases

A

HIV/AIDs

Measles

Smallpox

Dengue Fever

Yellow Fever

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10
Q

Stage 1

A

Pathogen Exclusive to Single Species

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11
Q

Stage 2 Diseases

A

Rabies

WNV

EEEV

WEEV

Influenza H5N1

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12
Q

Stage 5

A

Pathogen exclusive to new reservoir species

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13
Q

The best transmission occurs between (closely/widely) related species

A

Closely

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14
Q

Stages of Cross Species Disease Emergence

A
  1. Pathogen exclusive to single species
  2. Animal reservoir transmits to humans/ other animals but no transmission among them - dead end hosts
  3. Animal reservoir transmits to humans/other animals with a few cycles of transmission among them
  4. Animal reservoir transmits to humans/other animals with sustained transmission among them
  5. Pathogen exclusive to new reservoir species
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15
Q

Stage 3 Diseases

A

Mycobacterium bovis

Nipah Virus

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16
Q

Factors that increase transmission

A

Increasing abundance

Increasing pathogen prevalence

Increasing contact

17
Q

How are animal disease outbreaks typically controlled?

A

Mass culling

Test and slaughter

Quarantine

Vaccination

Prophylactic antibiotic use

18
Q

Emerging Disease

A

Previously known disease that suddenly appears in a population

Or

Known disease that suddenly appears in a new population

19
Q

Determinants of emergence

A

Pathogen

Reservoir

Host

Transmission

20
Q

Stage 4 Diseases

A

SARS

Schmallenberg Virus

Influenza H1N1 - Swine Influenza

21
Q

Drivers of pathogen emergence?

A

Land Use Changes

Food and Agricultural Systems

Environmental Systems

Human Behavior

22
Q

Stage 3

A

Animal reservoir transmits to humans/other animals with a few cycles of transmission among them

RUSVM Public Health and Epi (25 decks)

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