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Endocrinology > Endocrine Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the pituitary gland lie?

A

Within the hypophyseal fossa

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2
Q

On which bone is the hypophyseal fossa located?

A

The sphenoid

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3
Q

How is the optic chiasm related to the pituitary?

A

It lies superior

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4
Q

What does an enlarged pituitary gland result in?

A

Bitemporal Hemianopia

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5
Q

How is the pituitary gland connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Via the pituitary stalk

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6
Q

How is the pituitary gland split?

A

Into anterior and posterior lobes

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7
Q

Which of the two pituitary lobes is glandular?

A

The anterior lobe

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8
Q

What does the posterior pituitary secrete?

A

ADH and oxytocin

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9
Q

Describe the histology of the anterior pituitary

A

ACIDOPHILS - stain pink
BASOPHILS - stain light purple
CHROMOPHOBES- appear pale

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10
Q

What do somatotrophs secrete?

A

Growth Hormone —> liver and muscles

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11
Q

What do mammotrophs secrete?

A

Prolactin —> mammary glands

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12
Q

What are the two classes of acidophils?

A

Somatotrophs and mammotrophs

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13
Q

What are the three classes of Basophils?

A

Corticotrophs, Thyrotrophs, Gonadotrophs

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14
Q

What do corticotrophs secrete?

A

ACTH —> Adrenal Gland

MSH —> skin and hair?

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15
Q

What do thyrotrophs secrete?

A

TSH —> Thyroid

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16
Q

What do gonadotrophs secrete?

A

FSH —> Ovary

LH —> Ovary and Testis

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17
Q

Where do the arteries which supply the pituitary originate from?

A

The internal carotid artery

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18
Q

Name the two arteries which supply the pituitary?

A

The superior hypophysial artery and the inferior hypophysial artery

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19
Q

What occurs to the superior hypophysial artery do when it enters into the substance of the hypothalamus?

A

Split into capillaries which supply the anterior pituitary gland

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20
Q

What artery supplies the posterior pituitary gland?

A

The inferior hypophysial artery

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21
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary?

A

The hypophyseal portal system

22
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the posterior pituitary?

A

The infundibulum

23
Q

What drains the pituitary gland?

A

Hypophysial veins which drain into the cavernous sinus

24
Q

Where is the thyroid in relation to the trachea and larynx?

A

Anterior to trachea, inferior to the larynx

25
Q

Where is the thyroid located?

A

Vertebral level c5-t1 and between the thyroid cartilage and the 6th tracheal ring

26
Q

Where does the isthmus lie?

A

Opposite the 2nd-4th tracheal rings

27
Q

What nerve runs between the trachea and oesophagus?

A

The recurrent laryngeal nerve

28
Q

What nerve lies close to the superior thyroid artery?

A

External laryngeal

29
Q

From which major artery in the neck does the superior thyroid artery arise?

A

The ECA

30
Q

Into which vein does the superior and middle thyroid vein drain?

A

IJV

31
Q

From which major artery in the neck does the inferior thyroid artery arise?

A

Subclavian

32
Q

Into which vein does the inferior thyroid vein drain?

A

Brachiocephalic

33
Q

Where do lymph vessels from the thyroid drain?

A

Into the deep cervical lymph nodes

34
Q

How is a colloid formed?

A

When a hormone is bound to a glycoprotein within the cavity of a follicle

35
Q

What do C Cells secrete?

A

Calcitonin

36
Q

What does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

T3, T4 and Calcitonin

37
Q

Where do the parathyroid glands lie?

A

The medial half of the posterior lobe of the thyroid lobe, external to the thyroid fibrous capsule

38
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

39
Q

Where are the superior parathyroids located?

A

At the level of the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

40
Q

Where are the inferior parathyroids located?

A

near the inferior poles of the thyroid

41
Q

What supplies the parathyroid glands?

A

The inferior thyroid arteries

42
Q

What drains the parathyroid glands?

A

The superior and middle thyroid vein

43
Q

What cell types lie within the parathyroid?

A

Cheif cells and the oxyphil cells

44
Q

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid?

A

Parathyroid hormone

45
Q

Where are the suprarenal glands situated?

A

the upper pole of each kidney

46
Q

How are suprarenal glands separated from the kidneys?

A

By a capsule

47
Q

How is the suprarenal gland split?

A

Into the outer cortex and the inner medula

48
Q

On the right side, into which vein does the suprarenal gland drain?

A

IVC

49
Q

On the left side, into which vein does the suprarenal drain vein?

A

The left renal vein

50
Q

What do chromaffin cells secrete?

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

51
Q

What are the three hormone types secreted from the cortex of the suprarenal gland?

A

Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Androgens

Endocrinology (19 decks)

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