Endocrine System

Question 1

what is the network of hormone-secreting organs that coordinate homeostatic and physiologic processes including reproduction, development, metabolism, growth, and behavior

Answer 1

endocrine system

Question 2

endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal secrete what

Answer 2

hormones

Question 3

hormones travel through circulatory systems to

Answer 3

target cells

Question 4

hormones bind to their receptors which trigger a

Answer 4

cellular response

Question 5

why does the endocrine system work

Answer 5

feedback mechanisms

H-P-G or T or A axis

Question 6

what are differences between endocrine and nervous system signaling

Answer 6

nervous system is faster

Question 7

endocrine signaling is where

Answer 7

in the blood

Question 8

paracrine signaling acts on

Answer 8

neighboring cells

Question 9

autocrine signaling acts on

Answer 9

itself

Question 10

what is synaptic signaling

Answer 10

specialized paracrine signaling

Question 11

what is neuroendocrine signaling

Answer 11

neurons that use electric signals and synapse on blood vessels

Question 12

any substance that is produced by a cell that affects the function of another

Answer 12

chemical messenger

Question 13

a chemical messenger that evokes proliferation of other cells, especially in the immune system

Answer 13

cytokine

Question 14

a chemical messenger that is released into the bloodstream or tissue fluid system that affects the function of target cells some distance from the source

Answer 14

hormonea

Question 15

a hormone produced by a neuron

Answer 15

neurohormone

Question 16

a hormone that changes the response of a neuron to some other factors

Answer 16

neuromodulator

Question 17

a peptide hormone produced by a neuron

Answer 17

neuropeptide

Question 18

a steroid hormone produced by a neuron

Answer 18

neurosteroid

Question 19

a chemical messenger that acts across the neural synapse

Answer 19

neurotransmitter

Question 20

hormone-like chemical which is generally not produced by an endocrine gland, but has effects through the bloodsteam

Answer 20

parahormone

Question 21

precursors to other hormones, can be hormones themselves

Answer 21

prohormone

Question 22

example of parahormone

Answer 22

prostaglandins

Question 23

example of prohormone

Answer 23

testosterone

Question 24

are endocrine gland ductless

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

do endocrine glands have a rich blood supply

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

do hormones travel in the blood to every cell in the body

Answer 26

yes

Question 27

are there specific binding sites for hormones embedded in the cell membrane or inside the cell and interact with the particular hormone or class of hormones

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

polypeptides, insulin, epinphrine are water or lipid soluble

Answer 28

water

Question 29

steroids, cortisol, thryoxine are water or lipid soluble

Answer 29

lipid

Question 30

what are the largest groups of hormones

Answer 30

protein and peptide hormones

Question 31

where are protein/peptide hormones stored

Answer 31

in vesicles in cells

Question 32

how are prortein/ peptide hormones released

Answer 32

exocytosis

Question 33

how are protein/ peptide hormones removed

Answer 33

by degradation or excretion

Question 34

where do protein/peptide hormones act on

Answer 34

cell surface receptors

Question 35

are protein/peptide hormones soluble in blood

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

what are made from single amino acids

Answer 36

monoamines

Question 37

what do monoamines include

Answer 37

catecholamines and indoleamines

Question 38

examples of catecholamines

Answer 38

epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) derived from tyrosine

Question 39

examples of indoleamines

Answer 39

serotonin and melatonin

Question 40

whare are serotonin and melatonin derived from

Answer 40

tryoptophan

Question 41

what is tyrosine hydroxylase doing

Answer 41

adding a hydroxyl group

Question 42

what is tested when examining the thyroid

Answer 42

TSH

Question 43

what makes 5-HT and MEL

Answer 43

trytophan

Question 44

what is serotonin

Answer 44

5-HT

Question 45

what is made from cholesterol

Answer 45

steroid hormone

Question 46

do steroid hormones pass through plasma membrane

Answer 46

yes

Question 47

where are steroid hormones stored

Answer 47

no in the cells but instead are released as they are produced

Question 48

where do steroid hormones bind

Answer 48

intracellular receptors

Question 49

what is the structure of steroid hormones

Answer 49

3 six-carbon rings plus five carbon ring

Question 50

how are steroid hormones identified

Answer 50

by the number of carbons

Question 51

what do steriod hormones include

Answer 51

androgens estrogens corticoids

Question 52

what is C27

Answer 52

cholesterol

Question 53

what are C21's

Answer 53

progestins and corticoids

Question 54

C19 is

Answer 54

androgens

Question 55

C18 is

Answer 55

estrogen

Question 56

what does C21 and other Cs mean

Answer 56

bigger molecules

Question 57

what is progesterone involved in

Answer 57

reproduction

Question 58

what are two stress hormones

Answer 58

corticosterone cortisol

Question 59

what are progesterone, corticosterone, cortisol hormone class

Answer 59

steroid hormones

Question 60

what kind of hormone is testosterone

Answer 60

prohormone

Question 61

how do we make 17beta- estradiol from testosterone

Answer 61

through aromatase

Question 62

how do we have DHT from testosterone

Answer 62

5alpha- reductase

Question 63

what receptor releases second messengers with the help of a G protein in cells to produce cellular cascade

Answer 63

g protein- coupled receptor

Question 64

what receptor opens ion channels in response to hormone or neurotransmitter binding

Answer 64

ligand-gated ion channel

Question 65

what receptor is an enzyme that phosphorylates kinases and starts cellular cascade

Answer 65

receptor tyrosine kinases

Question 66

what are protein hormone receptors

Answer 66

g protein-coupled receptor ligand-gated ion receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 67

steroid hormone receptor

Answer 67

intracellular receptor

Question 68

what receptor bind to hormone, move to nucleus and act as TF

Answer 68

intracellular receptor

Question 69

do hormones act through feedback mechanisms

Answer 69

yes neg and pos

Question 70

what receives information from nervous system and secretes releasing hormone

Answer 70

hypothalamus

Question 71

what receives releasing hormones from the hypothalamus and secretes tropic hormones

Answer 71

pituitary gland

Question 72

what triggers hormone secretioni in gonads, thyroid or adrenal glands

Answer 72

tropic hormones

Question 73

brain region receives info from nervous system and secretes releasing hormones

Answer 73

hypothalamus

Question 74

what hormones are produced by hypothalamus

Answer 74

gonadotropin releasing hormone thyrotropin releasing hormone corticotropin releasing hormone growth hormone releasing hormone

Question 75

what gland receives releasing hormone from the hypothalamus and secretes tropic hormones

Answer 75

pituitary gland

Question 76

what hormone are produced by the pituitary gland

Answer 76

luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone thyroid stimulating hormone adrenocorticotropin hormone growth hormone

Question 77

what do tropic hormones do

Answer 77

trigger hormone secretion in endocrine glands like gonads, thyroid or adrenal glands

Question 78

example of tropic hormones

Answer 78

estradiol progesterone testosterone triiodothyronine tetraiodothyroxine corticosterone cortisol

Question 79

what is an outgrowth of the brain

Answer 79

posterior pituitary

Question 80

whats a vasopressin

Answer 80

ADH

Question 81

what two hormones are in the posterior pituitary

Answer 81

ADH oxytocin

Question 82

how many hormones does the anterior pituitary produce

Answer 82

6

Question 83

name the anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 83

FSH LH ACTH prolactin MSH GH