Endocrine glands
ductless, secrete hormones into blood
Exocrine glands
Secrete substances into ducts that deposit them on epithelial surface
Endocrine communication pathway
hormones secreted into extracellular space - capillaries - circulatory system - hormones bind to receptors on target cells - metabolic activity changes in target cells - effect.
Endocrine glands funcrion
maintain homeostasis with nervous system
Hypothalamus function
master control of most endocrine glands.
What hormones does the hypothalamus produce
Produces and secretes regulatory hormone for anterior pituitary gland.
Produces two hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary hormones
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
ADH
increases water retention when body is dehydrated
OT
Stimulates uterine wall contraction, milk ejection, influences pair bonding
Tropic hormones
stimulate other endocrine glands to release other hormones
Tropic hormones in anterior pituitary
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone
non-tropic hormone of anterior pituitary
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
What do the thyroid glands produce
thyroglobulin
What forms the precursor to thyroid hormone
thyroglobulin and iodine
What is the bodys major metabolic hormone
thyroid hormone
Calcitonin
peptide hormone produced in thyroid, lowers blood calcium levels and stimulates bone growth
What cells secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
chief cells
What encourages the release of PTH
low blood calcium levels, encourages release of calcium stores in the blood
Adrenal cortex
3 layers, synthesizes and releases over 25 corticosteroids
Zona glomerulosa
synthesizes mineralocorticoids. Regulates concentration of ions in the body
Zona fasciculata
Synthesizes glucocorticoids. Simulate lipid and protein metabolism, elevates blood glucose levels during stress
Zona reticularis
synthesizes gonadocorticoids sex hormones
Adrenal medulla
works with NS to create fight or flight response. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Pineal Gland
secrets melatonin, regulates day and night cycles, body temp, and appetite
Exocrine function of pancreas
acinar cells produce alkaline pancreatic juice that is secreted into the duodenum
Endocrine function of pancreas
produce glucagon, insulin (major) and somatostain and pancreatic polypeptide (minor)
Gonads in females
produce estrogens and progesterone
Gonads in males
produce androgens, mostly testosterone
Thymus
secrets thymopoietin and thymosin essential from t lymphocyte production
Heart
Secretes atrial natriuretic peptide and reduces blood pressure, blood volume and blood sodium concentration
GI tract
Secretes local-acting digestive hormones