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Advanced Pathology > Endocrine System and Disorders- Notes from Slideshow (quiz 3) PART 2 > Flashcards

Endocrine System and Disorders- Notes from Slideshow (quiz 3) PART 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes

A
  1. Eye
  2. Kidney
  3. Neuropathy
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2
Q

Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes

A
  1. Brain
  2. Heart
  3. Extremities
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3
Q

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes: Eye Pathology

A

High BS and BP can damage vessels

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4
Q

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes: Eye Complications

A

Causes

  1. Retinopathy
  2. Cataracts
  3. Glaucoma
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5
Q

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes: Kidney Pathology

A
  1. High BP damages vessels

2. High BS overworks kidneys

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6
Q

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes: Kidney Complications

A

Causes: neuropathy

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7
Q

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes: Neuropathy Pathology

A

High BS damages nerves in PNS

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8
Q

Microvascular Complications of Diabetes: Neuropathy Complications

A

Causes

  1. Pain
  2. Numbness
  3. Feet wounds
  4. Infection
  5. Gangrene
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9
Q

Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes: Brain Pathology

A

Increased risk of stroke and cerebrovascular disease

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10
Q

Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes: Brain Complications

A

Causes

  1. Transient ischemic attack
  2. Cognitive impairment
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11
Q

Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes: Heart Pathology

A

High BP and insulin resistance increase risk of CAD

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12
Q

Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes: Heart Complications

A

CAD

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13
Q

Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes: Extremities Pathology

A

Narrowing blood vessels decrease perfusion in legs

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14
Q

Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes: Extremities Complications

A

Causes:

  1. PVD
  2. slow healing foot wounds
  3. gangrene
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15
Q

Prevalence of DMT1 out of all types of DM

A

5-10%

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16
Q

Prevalence of DMT2 out of all types of DM

17
Q

What is the “impaired glucose tolerance” stage called?

A

“Pre-diabetic stage”

18
Q

How common is gestational diabetes compared to total number of pregnancies?

19
Q

Other specific types of DM

A
  1. Genetic syndromes
  2. Endocrinopathies
  3. Disease of the pancreas
  4. Drug or chemical induced
  5. Infections
20
Q

Prevalence of other causes of DM all types of DM?

21
Q

Other specific types of DM: Genetic syndrome: Examples

A

Syndromes affecting

  1. Secretion
  2. Action
22
Q

Other specific types of DM: Endocrinopathies

A 
1. Acromegaly
2, Cushing's 
3. Glucagonoma
4. Pheochromocyt0ma
5. Thyrotoxicosis
23
Q

Other specific types of DM: Disease of the pancreas

A
  1. Chronic pancreatitis

2. Cancer

24
Q

Other specific types of DM: Drug or chemical induced

A
  1. Corticosteroids
  2. Beta-Blockers
  3. Thiazide diuretics
25
Other specific types of DM: Infections
Viral
26
Low blood sugar
Hypoglycemia
27
How fast is the onset of Hypoglycemia
1. rapid | 2. 1-3 hours
28
Causes of Hypoglycemia
1. Insufficient food 2. Excess exercise 3. Excess insulin
29
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
1. Anxiety 2. Sweaty 3. Hungry 4. Confused 5. Blurred/Double vision 5. Shaky 6. Irritable 7. Cool, clammy skin
30
1. Anxiety 2. Sweaty 3. Hungry 4. Confused 5. Blurred/Double vision 5. Shaky 6. Irritable 7. Cool, clammy skin
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
31
What is the primary fuel for the body?
Glucose
32
What has a higher demand for glucose- the body or the brain?
Brain
33
Why does cerebral glucose utilization exceed glucose used by body?
Increased proportion of brain size compared with body weight
34
Can the brain store glycogen?
No
35
What organs can store glycogen?
1. Liver | 2. Skeletal/Cardiac
36
Since the brain cannot store glycogen what does it need?
A steady supply
37
What is a complication of hypoglycemia?
1. Irreversible neuronal injury | 2. Increase venerability to ischemia
38
What population has increased glucose requirements?
Sick infants
39
Why does the brain not store glycogen?
1. O2 and glucose is needed | 2. Blood brain barrier

Advanced Pathology (27 decks)

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