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NCLEX: Pharmacology > Endocrine System Medications > Flashcards

Endocrine System Medications Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Insulin lispro (Humalog) and insulin aspart (Novolog) are examples of __________-acting insulins

A

Rapid

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2
Q

Rapid-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 15 min
Peak: 1 hour
Duration: 2-4 hrs

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3
Q

Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) is a __________-acting insulin

A

Short

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4
Q

Short-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 30 min
Peak: 2-3 hrs
Duration: 3-6 hrs

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5
Q

Intermediate-acting insulin

A

NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)

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6
Q

Immediate-acting insulin

A

NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)

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7
Q

Intermediate-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 2-4 hrs
Peak: 4-12 hrs
Duration: 12-18 hrs

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8
Q

Insulin glargine (Lantus) and insulin detemir (Levemir) are examples of _________-acting insulins

A

Long

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9
Q

Long-acting insulin onset, peak, and duration

A

Onset: 3-4 hrs
Peak: NONE
Duration 24 hrs

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10
Q

The nurse should educate patients to rotate insulin injection sites to prevent

A

Lipohypertrophy

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11
Q

Key side effect of insulin

A

Hypoglycemia

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12
Q

S/S of hypoglycemia

A

Tachycardia, diaphoresis, shakiness, headache, weakness

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13
Q

T or F: a patient may need extra doses of insulin during times of illness or stress

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Nursing interventions for a fully conscious patient experiencing hypoglycemia

A

Provide patient with 15g of glucose through orange juice (4 oz), milk (8 oz)

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15
Q

Nursing interventions for a hypoglycemic patient who is not fully conscious

A

Administer glucagon

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16
Q

Process of mixing insulins

A

Draw up clear (regular) before cloudy (NPH)
- inject air into cloudy insulin
- inject air into clear insulin
- draw up clear insulin
- draw up cloudy insulin

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17
Q

T or F: oral antidiabetic agents are for both type I and type II diabetes

A

FALSE; oral can ONLY be taken by patients with type II diabetes

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18
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol) and glyburide (Diabeta) are examples of oral _________ for type II diabetes

A

Sulfonylureas

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19
Q

Glipizide and glyburide would be contraindicated in patients with

A

Sulfa allergy

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20
Q

Sulfonylureas work by

A

Stimulating insulin release from pancreas

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21
Q

Sulfonylureas side effects

A

Hypoglycemia, photosensitivity

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22
Q

Sulfonylureas patient education

A
  • take meds 30 min before meals
  • NO alcohol
  • wear sunscreen (d/t photosensitivity)
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23
Q

Repaglinide (Prandin) is an example of an oral _________ for type II diabetes

A

Meglitinide

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24
Q

Repaglinide (Prandin) side effects

A

Hypoglycemia, angina

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25
Repaglinide (Prandin) patient education
Take 3x/day, eat within 30 min of dose
26
Metformin (Glucophage) is an example of an oral _________ for type II diabetes
Biguanide
27
Metformin works by
Decreasing glucose production in liver and increases glucose uptake
28
Metformin (Glucophage) side effects
Metallic taste, lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency
29
Metformin patient education
- take with meal - NO alcohol - take B12 supplement if indicated - discontinue 48 hrs prior to procedures requiring NPO or contrast dye
30
S/S of lactic acidosis
Diarrhea, dizziness, hypotension, bradycardia, weakness
31
Pioglitazone (Actos) is an oral _________ for type II diabetes
Thiazolidinedione
32
Pioglitazone (Actos) works by
Decreasing insulin resistance and glucose production
33
Pioglitazone (Actos) side effects
Fluid retention, elevated LDL, hepatotoxicity
34
Pioglitazone (Actos) is contraindicated in patients with
Heart failure
35
Pioglitazone (Actos) patient education
Take once a day, with or without food
36
Example of an oral alpha glucose inhibitor for type II diabetes
Acarbose (Precose)
37
Acarbose (Precose) works by
Inhibiting glucose absorption in the GI tract
38
Acarbose (Precose) side effects
Hepatotoxicity, anemia
39
Acarbose (Precose) is contraindicated for patient with
GI disorders
40
Acarbose (Precose) patient education
Take 3x/day, with first bite of food
41
Medication indicated for severe hypoglycemia when patient is unable to take oral glucose
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
42
Pioglitazone black box warning
Risk of congestive heart failure
43
Glucagon works by
Stimulating breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver
44
Glucagon routes of administration
Subq, IM, IV
45
Glucagon nursing consideration
Provide food as soon as patient is able to swallow safely
46
Levothyroxine (Synthroid, T4) and liothyronine (Cytomel) are indicated for the treatment of
Hypothyroidism
47
Side effects of hypothyroidism medications
Minimal side effects. When dose is too high, may lead to s/s of hyperthyroidism (anxiety, sweating, weight loss, heat intolerance)
48
Patient education for hypothyroidism medications
Take on empty stomach with full glass of water before breakfast; requires life-long treatment
49
Antithyroid medication indicated for Graves’ Disease and in preparation for a thyroidectomy
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
50
PTU side effects
Agranulocytosis, rash, hepatotoxicity, s/s of hypothyroidism when dose is too high (lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia, depression)
51
PTU nursing consideration
Monitor CBC and liver function
52
Antithyroid agent used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, and preparation for thyroidectomy
Lugol’s solution (strong iodine solution)
53
Lugol’s solution side effects
Hypothyroidism, iodism, hypersensitivity (rash, itching)
54
S/S of iodism
Metallic taste, stomatitis (inflammation of mucosa in mouth), severe GI upset
55
Growth hormone indicated for growth hormone deficiencies (pediatric and adult)
Somatropin (Genotropin)
56
Somatropin (Genotropin) side effects
Hyperglycemia, pancreatitis
57
Somatropin (Genotropin) administration
IM or subq (rotate injection sites)
58
A nurse caring for a pediatric patient who takes Somatropin (Genotropin) should monitor growth rate and bone age frequently because treatment should be stopped prior to
Epiphyseal closure
59
Somatropin (Genotropin) patient education
Report persistent, severe abdominal pain
60
Vasopressin (Vasostrict) and desmopressin (DDAVP) are indicated for
Diabetes insipidus (DI)
61
Vasopressin (Vasostrict) and desmopressin (DDAVP) mimic _____ (produced by the posterior pituitary), which causes reabsorption of water in the kidneys
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
62
Antidiuretic hormones work by _________ urine output and _________ urine osmolality
Decreasing; increasing
63
Side effects of ADH (vasopressin, desmopressin)
Overhydration (pounding headache)
64
ADH nursing consideration
Monitor I&Os (normal UO 0.5-1.5 cc/kg/hr) and urine specific gravity
65
Prednisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol), and dexamethasone (Decadron) are examples of
Glucocorticoids
66
Glucocorticoids work by
Decreasing inflammation and suppressing the immune response
67
Side effects of glucocorticoids
Bone loss, weight gain/fluid retention, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, infection, PUD, adrenal gland suppression, skin fragility, GI upset
68
Glucocorticoids nursing considerations
Monitor for signs of infection and PUD (coffee ground emesis, tarry stools)
69
Glucocorticoids patient education
Periods of stress may require additional doses; DO NOT discontinue abruptly (slowly taper); take vitamin D and calcium supplements; avoid NSAIDs
70
Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is an example of a
Mineralocorticoid
71
Fludrocortisone (Florinef) is indicated for adrenal insufficiency such as
Addison’s disease
72
Fludrocortisone (Florinef) mimics _________, which causes sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys allowing for maintenance of BP and sodium balances in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency
Aldosterone
73
Side effects of Fludrocortisone (Florinef)
Same as glucocorticoids along with hypertension and edema
74
Abrupt discontinuation of Fludrocortisone (Florinef) may cause
An addisonian crisis

NCLEX: Pharmacology (11 decks)

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