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BioMed Board Exam > Endocrine System & Metabolism : Pathology > Flashcards

Endocrine System & Metabolism : Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids

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1
Q

Acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of GH during adulthood

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2
Q

Aldosteronism

A

hypersecretion of aldosterone

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3
Q

Cretinism

A

hyposecretion of the thyroid hormones during the growth years

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4
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

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5
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

deficiency of insulin

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6
Q

Dwarfism

A

hyposecretion of GH during growth

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7
Q

Gigantism

A

hypersecretion of GH during growth

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8
Q

Gynecomastia

A

release of sufficient feminizing hormones in maless

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9
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

may result in stone formation / Osteitis Fibrous Cystic (chronic bone reabsorption)

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10
Q

Myxedema

A

hypothyroidism during adulthood

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11
Q

Ophthalmic Goiter

A

hyperthyroidism goiter + exopthalamus

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12
Q

Simple Goiter

A

changes in the thyroid d/t iodine deficiency

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13
Q

Tetany

A

muscle contraction caused by hypoparathyroidism

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14
Q

Virilism

A

excess production of ACTH & androgens d/t inhibited glucocorticoids

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15
Q

Hyperthyroidism : Sx

A
  • tachycardia • hyperactive reflexes • ^ sweating
  • heat intolerance • fatigue • tremor •nervousness • polydipsia
  • weakness • ^ appetite • dyspnea • weight loss • diarrhea
  • apathy • depression • muscular atrophy • anorexia
16
Q

Hypothyroidism : Sx

A
  • ¡ basal metabolic rate • dry skin • muscle/joint pain
  • proximal weakness • lethargy, depression, apathy • confusion
  • weight gain • edema around the eyes • loss of lateral eyebrow
  • cardiomegaly • constipation •cold intolerance • brittle nails
  • sparce/coarse hair • peripheral edema
  • joint effusion w/ Ca+ deposits • CTS • slow healing • hoarseness
  • pulse rate < 60 in untrained person
17
Q

Diabetes Mellitus : Types

A 
Type 1 (IDDM) : insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, juvenile onset
Type 2 (NIDDM) : non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, adult onset
18
Q

Diabetes Mellitus : Signs & Symptoms

A
  • ^ urination
  • ^ thirst
  • ^ hunger
  • ^ fatigue / lethargy
  • paresthesia (numbness / tingling) in feet / hands
19
Q

Diabetes Mellitus : Complications

A
  • blindness
  • glaucoma
  • cataracts
  • headache
  • stroke
  • foot ulcers
  • kidney disease
20
Q

Abnormal Blood Glucose

Hypoglycemia

A
  • blood glucose < 50-60 mg/dL • skin is pale, cool, diaphoretic
  • disoriented / agitated • HA • blurred vision • slurred speech
  • tachycardic w/ palpitations • weak / shaky • lip / tongue numbness
  • LOC (loss of consciousness)
21
Q

Abnormal Blood Glucose

Hyperglycemia

A
  • blood glucose > 180 mg/dL • skin is dry & flushed
  • fruity breath odor • blurred vision • dizziness • weakness
  • neasea • vomiting • cramping • increased urination • LOC / seizures

BioMed Board Exam (28 decks)

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