Endocrine System Part One Flashcards

1
Q

what is an endocrine gland?

A

glands that secrete their products (hormones) directly into the blood
organs whose sole purpose are to produce hormones

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2
Q

what is an exocrine gland?

A

glands that produce and secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by the way of a duct

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3
Q

how does the endocrine system contribute to homeostasis?

A

as the hormones produced throughout the system regulate the activity of body cells

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4
Q

What are hormones?

A

steriod or amino acid based molecules released into the blood, which act as chemical messengers to regulate specific body functions

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5
Q

What are the three stimuli that control hormone secretion?

A
  • Humoral stimuli (changes in plasma solute concentrations of ions or organic nutrients)
  • Neural stimuli ( regulation by the nervous system)
  • Hormonal stimuli (regulation by other hormones)
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6
Q

What are target cells?

A

cells that have a specific receptor for a specific hormone

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7
Q

What organ produces melatonin and what is its function?

A
  • Pineal gland

- to regulate day/night cycles

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8
Q

What controls the secretion and production of hormones by the pituitary gland?

A

the hypothalamus

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9
Q

What organ produces oxytocin and what is its function?

A
  • the posterior pituitary

- stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in the uterus and is involves with labour and during breastfeeding

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10
Q

What organ produces ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and what is its function?

A
  • the posterior pituitary
  • released in response to; decreased blood volume, pressure or increased blood concentration. Causes kidney’s to reabsorb water , reduce sweating and constrict arterioles
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11
Q

What organ produces growth hormone (GH) and what is its function?

A
  • the anterior pituitary

- promotes protein synthesis and growth of body cells

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12
Q

What organ produces Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and what is its function?

A
  • the anteriuor pituitary

- contols production and release of thyriod hormone by the thyroid gland

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13
Q

What organ produces Adrenocortropic hormone (ACTH) and what is its function?

A
  • the anterior pituitary

- controls hormone production and release by the adrenal cortex

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14
Q

What organ produces Prolactin (PRL) and what is its function?

A
  • the anterior pituitary

- starts and maintains milk production

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15
Q

What organ produces Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and what is its function for women and men?

A
  • the anterior pituitary
  • women; stimulate develpopment of ova and production of progesterone
  • men; stimulate sperm production
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16
Q

What organ produces Luteinizing hormone (LH) and what is its function for Women and men

A
  • the anterior pituitary
  • women; stimulates ovulation, formation of corpus luteum and production of progesterone
  • men; stimulates development of testis and production/secretion of testosterone
17
Q

What organ produces Melanocyte stimulating Hormone (MSH) and what is its function?

A
  • anterior pituitary

- controls production and secrection of melanin

18
Q

What organ produces thyroid hormone (TH) and what is its function?

A
  • the thyroid gland
  • incrreases metabolic rate and heat production. Alsi plays a role in maintaing BP, regulating tissue growth, and the devlopment of the skeletal, nervous and reproductive systems
19
Q

What organ produces Calcitonin and what is its function?

A
  • the thyroid gland
  • released in response to increased calcium levels in the blood. Stimulates calcium uptake and absorption, inhibiting osteoclast activity
20
Q

What organ produces parathryroid hormone and what is its function?

A
  • the parathyroid gland
  • released in response to low blood calcium levels. Increase osteoclast activity and increases uptake of calcium by the digestive tract
21
Q

What organ produces Thymic Hormone and what is its function?

A
  • the thymus

- promotes increase number and production of T-lymphocytes (Immunity)

22
Q

What organ produces Insulin and what is its function?

A
  • pancreas

- lowers blood glucose. inhibits glycogenolysis and glucogenesis

23
Q

What organ produces Glucagon and what is its function?

A
  • pancreas
  • elevates blood glucose. Major target is liver where it promotes glycongenolysis and glucogenesis and release of glucose into the blood
24
Q

What organ produces Mineralocorticoids and what is its function?

A
  • Adrenal cortex

- Regulates water and minerals in the blood

25
Q

What organ produces Glucocorticoids and what is its function?

A
  • Adrenal cortex

- Regulates metabolism and stress response

26
Q

What organ produces Gonadocorticoids and what is its function?

A
  • adrenal cortex

- sex hormones eg. oestrogen and testosterone

27
Q

What organ produces Catechdamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)and what is its function?

A
  • adrenal medulla

- adrenaline and noradrenaline : released in response to stress

28
Q

What organ produces Steriod sex hormones and what is its function?

A
  • gonads
  • males; testis = testosterone
  • women; estrogen and progesterone
29
Q

What are the three stages of the general adaption syndrome for stress

A
  1. Alarm response
  2. resistance stage
  3. Exhaustion
30
Q

what happens in the alarm stage of the stress response?

A

fight or flight
nerve impulses from the hypthalamus stimulate sympathetic nerve response ; mobilises body’s resources and inhibits non-essiential functions

31
Q

What is the resistance stage

A

it is the second stage of the general adaption respinse and it is when the body continues to fight the stressor long after the alarm reaction

32
Q

What is the exhaustion stage

A

when the body’s resources become so depleated that they cant sustain the resistance stage