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MT2- Endocrine > Endocrine Vocab > Flashcards

Endocrine Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

adrenal cortex

A

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

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3
Q

ovaries

A

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

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4
Q

pancreas

A

located behind the stomach. Islet (alpha and beta) cells (islets of Langerhans) secrete hormones from the pancreas. The pancreas also contains cells that are exocrine in function. They secrete enzymes, via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion

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5
Q

parathyroid glands

A

four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland. Some people may have three or five parathyroid glands

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6
Q

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

A

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). It weighs only 1/16 of an ounce and is a half inch across

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7
Q

testes

A

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

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8
Q

thyroid gland

A

located in the neck on either side of the trachea; secretes thyroxine

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9
Q

adrenaline (epinephrine)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure

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10
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; also called adrenocorticotropin. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

aldosterone

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases salt (sodium) reabsorption

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12
Q

androgen

A

male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example

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13
Q

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis). ADH (vasopressin) increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

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14
Q

calcitonin

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

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15
Q

cortisol

A

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. It is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

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16
Q

epinephrine (adrenaline)

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic). It is part of the body’s fight or flight reaction

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17
Q

estradiol

A

estrogen (female hormone) secreted by the ovaries

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18
Q

estrogen

A

female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex. Examples are estradiol and estrone

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19
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). FSH stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

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20
Q

glucagon

A

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen (starch) to glucose

21
Q

growth hormone (GH); somatotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

22
Q

insulin

A

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose to pass into cells, and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

23
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

secreted by the adenohypophysis; stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

24
Q

norepinephrine

A

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure (sympathomimetic).

25
Q

oxytocin (OT)

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

26
Q

parathormone (PTH)

A

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

27
Q

progesterone

A

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

28
Q

prolactin (PRL)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); promotes milk secretion

29
Q

somatotropin (STH)

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis); growth hormone

30
Q

testosterone

A

male hormone secreted by the testes

31
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH); thyrotropin

A

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (adenohypophysis). TSH acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning. Note: TSH is not secreted by the thyroid gland

32
Q

thyroxine (T4)

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; also called tetraiodothyronine. T4 increases metabolism in cells

33
Q

triiodothyronine (T3)

A

secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells

34
Q

vasopressin

A

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (neurohypophysis); antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

35
Q

catecholamines

A

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla. Epinephrine is a catecholamine.

36
Q

corticosteroids

A

hormones (steroids) produced by the adrenal cortex. Examples are cortisol (raises sugar levels), aldosterone (raises salt reabsorption by kidneys), and androgens and estrogens (sex hormones)

37
Q

electrolyte

A

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are electrolytes

38
Q

glucocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism. Cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response.

39
Q

homeostasis

A

tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

40
Q

hormone

A

substance, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland.

41
Q

hypothalamus

A

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland. It secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

42
Q

mineralocorticoid

A

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts (electrolytes) and water balance in the body. Aldosterone is an example

43
Q

receptor

A

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

44
Q

sella turcica

A

cavity in the skull that contains the pituitary gland

45
Q

sex hormones

A

steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

46
Q

steroid

A

complex substance related to fats (derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol), and of which many hormones are made. Examples of steroids are estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.

47
Q

sympathomimetic

A

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic hormone (it raises blood pressure and heart rate and dilates airways.

48
Q

target tissue

A

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones.

MT2- Endocrine (4 decks)

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