Endocrinology

Question 1

G-protein phospholipase C

ACh as ligand: receptor and effect

Answer 1

M1 and M3 mACh receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

Question 2

G-protein phospholipase C

histamine as ligand: receptor and effect

Answer 2

H1 receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

Question 3

G-protein phospholipase C

purin (ATP, ADP) as ligand: receptor and effect

Answer 3

Y and V receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

Question 4

G-protein phospholipase C

PGE and TXA2 as ligand: receptor and effect

Answer 4

specific receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

Question 5

G-protein phospholipase C

ADH as ligand: receptor and effect

Answer 5

V1 receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

Question 6

G-protein phospholipase C

oxytocin as ligand: receptor and effect

Answer 6

specific receptor

effect is always phosphorylation and Ca²⁺ release

Question 7

TRH

Answer 7

thyrotropin releasing hormone – stim. Thyroid gland hormone prod. (TSH prod)

Question 8

CRF

Answer 8

– corticotropin releasing hormone

producing:) adrenocorticotropin stimulating hormone (ACTH

Question 9

GnRH

Answer 9

gonadotropin releasing hormone

producing FSH and LH

Question 10

GRF

Answer 10

growth hormone releasing factor

GH, STH producing hormone

Question 11

PRF

Answer 11

prolactin releasing factor, aka. VIP, TRh

producing PRL: lactation, (ovulation in rat)

Question 12

MRF

Answer 12

melanocyte stimulating hormone releasing factor

MSH producing/stimulating hormone

inhibiting factors: dopamine, somatostatin, GABA, VIP

Question 13

dopamine

Answer 13

aka. PIF: prolactin ireleasing inhibiting factor

inhibit: TRH, PRL,
catecholamine

Question 14

GIF

Answer 14

growth hormone inhibiting factor aka. somatostatin (somatotropin inhibiting factor)

Question 15

VIP

Answer 15

vasoactive interstinal peptide -> acts on blood vessels(vasodilation)

increase synthesis and secretion of prolactin and other anterior pituitary hormones

inhibit somatostatin synthesis

Question 16

MIF

Answer 16

melanocyte inhibiting factor

stimulate: GH aka STH

Question 17

GABA

Answer 17

general indirect inhibitor

Question 18

NE

Answer 18

norepinephrine

general indirect inhibitor

Question 19

angiotensin II

Answer 19

• produced as a separate hormone in the hypothalamus
• reg. renal function
• GH (=STH+)
• PRL+

Question 20

deiodinases: D1
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products

Answer 20

PTU sensitive
(- medication to treat hyperthyroidism, anti-deiodinase)
found in liver, kidney and thyroid gland
T3( a lot), rT3 (5’D and 5D type deiodination)

Question 21

deiodinases: D2
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products

Answer 21

not PTU sensitive
brain, hypophysis, brown adipose tissue
T3 (5’D)

Question 22

deiodinases: D3
- PTU sensitivity
- tissues it’s found in
- products

Answer 22

not PTU sensitive
skin, placenta
rT3 (5D)

Question 23

inhibitor of Ach receptors

Answer 23

curate/ d-tubocurarine

Question 24

DBH, what and present where

Answer 24

dopamine-beta-hydroxylase converts dopamine into norepinephrine in the granules of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

Question 25

PNMT, what and present where

Answer 25

(phenyl-ortho-methyltransferase) | converts norepinephrine into epinephrine in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

Question 26

alpha receptor: agonist and antagonist

Answer 26

phenyleprine | phenoxybenzamin

Question 27

alpha-1 receptor: agonist and antagonist sensitivity, target and effect

Answer 27

phenylephrine prazosin sensitivity: norephinephrine (NE) > epinephrine (E) target: smooth muscles (in the area of postganglionic nerve terminals) effect: smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction)

Question 28

alpha -2 receptor: agonist and antagonist

Answer 28

clonidine | yohimbine

Question 29

beta receptor: agonist and antagonist

Answer 29

isoproterenol | propranolol

Question 30

beta-1 receptor: agonist and antagonist | sensitivity, target and effect

Answer 30

prenalterol methoprolol sensitivity: isoproterenol > E > NE target: cardiac, coronary effect: enhancing, dilatation

Question 31

beta-2 receptor: agonist and antagonist | sensitivity, target and effect

Answer 31

metaproterenol butoxamin sensitivity: epinephrine (not NE) target: bronchi, smooth muscles of skeletal muscle vessels effect: dilatation

Question 32

the effect on circulation if few norepinephrine

Answer 32

``` α1: vasoconstriction β1: increase of cardiac output: • chronotrop • inotrop • dromotrop • bathmotrop Σ: increase of blood pressure ```

Question 33

the effect on circulation if few epinephrine

Answer 33

β1: increase of cardiac output β2: vasodilation in skeletal muscles Σ: redistribution of circulation

Question 34

the effect on circulation if much epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 34

Differences are obsured Σ: redistribution of circulation, increase of blood pressure

Question 35

action in liver of beta2 receptors

Answer 35

glycogenolysis, lipolysis, glyconeogeneis

Question 36

action in adipose tissue of beta3 receptors

Answer 36

lipolysis

Question 37

action in skeletal muscle of beta2 receptors

Answer 37

glycogenolysis

Question 38

action in pancreas of beta2 and alpha2 receptors

Answer 38

B2: insulin secretion increases A2: insulin secretion decreases

Question 39

action in cardiovascular system of beta1+2, alpha 1 receptors

Answer 39

beta1: increases: contractility, conduction, frequency alpha1: vasoconstriction beta2: vasodilation: skeletal muscle arteries, all veins, coronaries

Question 40

action in bronchus of beta2 receptors

Answer 40

dilation

Question 41

action in eye of alpha1 and beta2 receptors

Answer 41

alpha1: m. radialis contraction beta2: m. ciliaris relaxation

Question 42

action in JGA of beta1 receptors

Answer 42

increase of renin secretion

Question 43

action in uterus of alpha1 and beta2 receptors

Answer 43

alpha1: contraction beta2: relaxation

Question 44

Hypophyseotropes

Answer 44

hypophyseal hormones which affect the release and synthesis of hormones of the pituitary gland