Endterm Notes

Question 1

functions of lipids

Answer 1

long-term energy storage
making biological membrane
insulation

Question 2

esters of fatty acids with glycerol

Answer 2

triglycerides

Question 3

well-known steroid molecule that serves as precursor for other steroids such as testosterone and vitamin

Answer 3

cholesterol

Question 4

a type of product that contains a lot of hydrogenated oils

Answer 4

trans fatty acid

Question 5

building block of molecules that make up the cell membrane

Answer 5

fatty acids

Question 6

cholesterol build up occurs from consuming too much unhealthy fats that can cause:

Answer 6

veins and arteries will start to clog which lead to stroke

Question 7

__________ and __________ are formed when there is a condensation reaction

Answer 7

fatty acid and alcohols

Question 8

this is where most lipid digestion occur

Answer 8

duodenum

Question 9

amphipathic molecules contain __________ head group and __________ tail

Answer 9

polar
non-polar

Question 10

kind of lipase enzyme that helps the breakdown of lipids in the stomach

Answer 10

gastric lipase

Question 11

process that takes the large droplet of lipids and breaks it down to smaller droplets with the aid of bile / bile acid

Answer 11

emulsification

Question 12

it is a process in which a fat molecule is broken down by sodium hydroxide (lye) into four smaller molecules; three of the new molecules are soap and one is glycerol

Answer 12

saponification

Question 13

it is the name for a chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt

Answer 13

saponification

Question 14

a process in which liquid oil will turn into solid like butter or margarine

Answer 14

hydrogenation

Question 15

susceptible to essential fatty acid deficiency

Answer 15

infants consuming formula diet

Question 16

function of chylomicron in the absorption of lipids

Answer 16

transportation of triglycerides

Question 17

part of the human body where the chylomicron is produced

Answer 17

intestinal cells

Question 18

fat substitutes are made of

Answer 18

carbohydrates
proteins
starch

Question 19

saturated with hydrogen; in other words, the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton is maximized

Answer 19

saturated fatty acids

Question 20

when the hydrocarbon chain contains a double bond, the fatty acid is said to be __________ __________ __________

Answer 20

unsaturated fatty acid

Question 21

if there is one double bond in the molecule, then it is known as a __________ __________

Answer 21

monounsaturated fat

Question 22

if there is more than one double bond, then it is known as a __________ __________

Answer 22

polyunsaturated fat

Question 23

unsaturated fatty acids exhibit __________ __________ at the double bonds

Answer 23

geometrical isomerism (stereoisomerism)

Question 24

all the naturally occurring fatty acids have the cis- configuration
however, in the body during metabolism __________ _________ __________ are formed

Answer 24

trans fatty acids

Question 25

examples of saturated fatty acids

Answer 25

caproic oleic lauric arachidic stearic palmitic butyric caprylic

Question 26

examples of unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 26

linolenic arachidonic

Question 27

the female steroid hormone - __________ is a derived lipid

Answer 27

estrogen

Question 28

___________ is the most common steroid

Answer 28

cholesterol

Question 29

oil and water don't mix because water has __________ bonds while oils have ___________ bonds

Answer 29

polar non polar

Question 30

__________ ____________ help emulsify fat droplets

Answer 30

bile salts

Question 31

__________ is the most powerful antioxidant than vitamin C

Answer 31

vitamin E

Question 32

the main role of vitamin K is in ___________ __________

Answer 32

blood clotting

Question 33

__________ is water soluble and easily destroyed by heat, alkali and storage

Answer 33

vitamin C

Question 34

__________ is precursor of steroid

Answer 34

cholesterol

Question 35

__________ is important for synthesizing bile salts

Answer 35

cholesterol

Question 36

__________ are either strongly hydrophobic or amphipathic

Answer 36

lipids

Question 37

__________ __________ is created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen

Answer 37

trans fat

Question 38

__________ __________ can also be called "partially hydrogenated"

Answer 38

trans fat

Question 39

one part of the __________ is non-polar and the other is polar

Answer 39

phospholipid