Energy

Question 1

Potential Energy

Answer 1

energy that has the potential to do work and so the energy is ‘stored’, such as gravitational energy, elastic energy and chemical energy

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

energy due to the motion of an object

Question 3

Conduction

Answer 3

transfer of heat through collisions between particles

Question 4

insulators

Answer 4

a material that is a poor conductor of heat

Question 5

convection

Answer 5

transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Question 6

radiation

Answer 6

a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

Question 7

Nuclear

Answer 7

the energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances. Nuclear energy can be released from the radioactive metals uranium or plutonium, and transformed into electrical energy in a nuclear power station.

Question 8

Density

Answer 8

the degree of compactness of a substance

Question 9

Chemical

Answer 9

potential energy derived from chemical reactions

Question 10

Elastic

Answer 10

he potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material

Question 11

Efficiency

Answer 11

the fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy. It is usually expressed as a percentage.

Question 12

Electrical

Answer 12

the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

Question 13

Sound

Answer 13

energy carried by the air in a room and detected by the ear

Question 14

Light

Answer 14

energy that may be released, for example, when an object is hot or by a nuclear reaction in a star

Question 15

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 15

a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another.

Question 16

Deciduous

Answer 16

describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter

Question 17

Reflected

Answer 17

bounced off

Question 18

Absorbed

Answer 18

taken in

Question 19

Transmitted

Answer 19

passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air

Question 20

Movement

Answer 20

the act or process of moving people or things from one place or position to another.

Question 21

Rotational

Answer 21

the act or process of moving an object due to the kinetic energy.

Question 22

Radiant Heat

Answer 22

heat transferred by radiation, as from the sun to the Earth

Question 23

vibrations

Answer 23

repeated fast, back-and-forth movements

Question 24

Compression

Answer 24

the process of pushing a material into itself

Question 25

Rarefaction

Answer 25

in sound waves, the layers of air particles that are spread apart (between compressions)

Question 26

Sound waves

Answer 26

vibrations of particles in the air

Question 27

Frequency

Answer 27

number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second

Question 28

Hertz

Answer 28

unit of frequency; its abbreviation is Hz. One hertz is equal to one vibration every second.

Question 29

Pitch

Answer 29

the highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch that you hear depends on the frequency of the vibrating air.

Question 30

Wavelength

Answer 30

distance between two neighbouring crests or troughs of a wave. This is the distance between two particles vibrating in step.

Question 31

Amplitude

Answer 31

maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position

Question 32

Reverberation

Answer 32

longer-lasting sound caused by repeated reflection from hard surfaces

Question 33

X-rays

Answer 33

high energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure

Question 34

Ultraviolet radiation

Answer 34

invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy

Question 35

Infra-red radiation

Answer 35

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Question 36

Radio waves

Answer 36

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Question 37

Electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 37

complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

Question 38

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 38

the radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields

Question 39

Dispersion

Answer 39

separation of the colours that make up white light. Each colour is bent differently when it enters or leaves a glass prism.

Question 40

Visible spectrum

Answer 40

different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows

Question 41

Scattered

Answer 41

describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance

Question 42

Non-luminous

Answer 42

describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light

Question 43

Luminous

Answer 43

releasing its own light

Question 44

Heat

Answer 44

Energy that causes objects to gain temperature

Question 45

Gamma rays

Answer 45

High energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reaction