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Phase 1 - S2 Metabolism, Endocrinology, Haematology > Energy in Cells > Flashcards

Energy in Cells Flashcards

1
Q

what is metabolism

A

set of processes which drive energy and raw material production from food stuff to sustain life

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2
Q

what are catabolic reactions

A

ones that break down big molecules into smaller ones, releasing ATP

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3
Q

what are anabolic pathways

A

ones that synthesise larger cell components from intermediates using ATP

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4
Q

what is oxidation

A

loss of an electron or H atom

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5
Q

what is reduction

A

gain of an electron

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6
Q

true or false catabolic reactions are oxidative

A

true as they release H atoms

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7
Q

what is energy

A

the capacity to do work

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8
Q

what unit is energy measured in

A

joules

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9
Q

how many joules in 1 Kcal

A

4.20

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10
Q

true or false; carbohydrate contain the most energy

A

false, its actually fat

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11
Q

what type of energy is the main form of energy in cells

A

energy from the breaking of chemical bonds

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12
Q

what are exergonic reactions

A

reactions that release energy

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13
Q

what are endergonic reactions

A

reactions that produce energy

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14
Q

true or false; exergonic reactions have a negative change in free energy

A

true - this makes them spontaneous

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15
Q

what is NAD short for

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

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16
Q

what is NADP short for

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

17
Q

what id FAD short for

A

Favin adenine dinucleotide

18
Q

what do hydrogen carriers contain components of

A

b vitamins

19
Q

how are hydrogen carriers reduced

A

by the addition of 2 H atoms (although one is then lost)

20
Q

what is ATP composed of

A

adenine, ribose sugar and 3 phosphates

21
Q

what does adenylate kinase catalyse

A

2ADP –> ATP + AMP

22
Q

true or false; ATP, NADPH, NADH, FAD2H are high energy signal

A

true. these will cause an increase in anabolic processes to reduce to energy levels

23
Q

what does creatine kinase catalyse

A

the transferring of a phosphate group from ATP to creatine to give phosphocreatine. It also catalyses the reverse

24
Q

why does creatine kinase produce phosphocreatine

A

to store energy when there are high levels of ATP

25
Q

what can creatine kinase be used to check for

A

myocardial infarctions

26
Q

what is creatinine

A

the breakdown product of creatine in a spontaneous reaction which is then excreted in the kidneys

27
Q

what is the concentration of creatinine in the kidneys proportional to

A

the muscle mass

28
Q

true or false; creatine kinase can be used to see the dilution of the urine

A

true

Phase 1 - S2 Metabolism, Endocrinology, Haematology (22 decks)

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