Engine Construction

Question 1

What are cylinder blocks made from?

Answer 1

Cast Iron

Aluminium

Question 2

What is the sump made from? And where is it fitted?

Answer 2

Thin mild steel or alloy

Fitted to lower crank case

Question 3

The crankshaft turns what into what?

Answer 3

Linear to rotary

Question 4

What is the hole through the piston head for?

Answer 4

The Gudgeon Pin

Question 5

What dose the small end bearing do?

Answer 5

Holds the piston with the Gudgeon Pin

Question 6

What’s the second between the small and big end bearing called?

Answer 6

Shank

Question 7

What dose the big end bearing do? And what’s it lined with?

Answer 7

Holds the crankshaft, it’s lined with shell bearing

Question 8

What are the 2 types of big end bearing?

Answer 8

Solid and oblique

Question 9

Why is the flywheel made heavy?

Answer 9

To smooth out vibrations

Question 10

What dose the fly wheel do?

Answer 10

Smooth out vibrations, stores and releases kinetic energy

Question 11

What is the cylinder head made from?

Answer 11

Cast iron for heavy duty
Or
Aluminium for light vehicles

Question 12

What dose the cylinder head consist of?

Answer 12

Inlet & exhaust valves
Inlet & exhaust ports
Water jacket

Question 13

What’s the purpose of the valves?

Answer 13

To allow gases in and out and seals the cylinder

Question 14

When talking about engine block design, what are the main good and bad thing for a closed deck design and open deck design?

Answer 14

Closed deck - reduced cooling and stronger construction

Open deck - improved cooling and less strength

Question 15

What are cylinder liners for?

Answer 15

Reduce engine wear

Question 16

What are cylinder liners made from?

Answer 16

Thin sleeves of high quality cast iron or steel

Question 17

What are the 2 types of cylinder liners?

Answer 17

Wet and dry liners

Question 18

What is the rear flange?

Answer 18

Machined to accept figment of the flywheel

Question 19

What are thirst washers for?

Answer 19

Prevents excessive lateral movement of the crankshaft

Question 20

What is a rear flange

Answer 20

Accept fitment of the flywheel and spigot bearing to suport the shaft

Question 21

How is the crankshaft lubricated ?

Answer 21

Through oil ways under pressure

Question 22

What is the land on a piston?

Answer 22

Ridges that seperate each piston groove

Question 23

What are the purpose of piston rings?

Answer 23

Form a gas tight seal between combustion chamber and crankcase

Question 24

What are the 2 types of piston rings?

Answer 24

Compression - gas tight seal

Oil control rings- ensures proper oil conditions

Question 25

What is the purpose of a flywheel ?

Answer 25

Absorbs kinetic energy during power strokes and uses this to carry engine over in idle strokes Transmit stater motor power to crankshaft

Question 26

Would you need more flywheel for more cylinders ?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

What is the purpose of a TV damper

Answer 27

Reduces torsional vibration in the crankshaft

Question 28

What is the purpose of a cylinder head?

Answer 28

Seal the top of the engine cylinder to create a combustion chamber

Question 29

What is located in the cylinder head?

Answer 29

Glow plugs and fuel injectors Also supports camshaft and camshaft bearings

Question 30

Why is the upper surface of the cylinder head machined?

Answer 30

Allow it to fit the rocker cover

Question 31

What are the 2 types of valve guides ?

Answer 31

Integral and insert

Question 32

What is the purpose of a valve?

Answer 32

To control the flow of gasses in and out the cylinder

Question 33

Why does the thickness of the valve head have to he calculated?

Answer 33

Avoid risk of pre ignition

Question 34

What’s the purpose of the timing gears?

Answer 34

To transmit rotary motion of the crankshaft to the camshaft

Question 35

What’s the purpose of valves ?

Answer 35

To control the flow of gassed in and out of the cylinder

Question 36

In the valve system, was dose the spring do?

Answer 36

Returns the valve to the closed position and holds it in place until it is next opened

Question 37

What dose the spring collar do? When talking about the valve system

Answer 37

Retains the spring in a slightly compressed state

Question 38

What speed dose the camshaft rotate compared to the crankshaft.

Answer 38

The camshaft needs to rotate at half the crankshaft speed

Question 39

Where would you find a worm drive? And what is it?

Answer 39

Utilised to drive another component | On the camshaft

Question 40

What is an eccentric cam?

Answer 40

Used to actuate the mechanical fuel lift pump

Question 41

What dictates the length of time the valve is closed?

Answer 41

Base or circle or dwell

Question 42

What controls the speed that the vales both open and close?

Answer 42

The closing flank and the opening flank

Question 43

What are chain or toothed belts tensioned by?

Answer 43

Rubber rings Spring lead Dude slid tensioners Jockey pulley idler

Question 44

What are the 3 most common types of timing chain?

Answer 44

Sleeve chains Roller chains Tooth chains