ENT - Hearing

Question 1

what are the components of the conductive system of hearing?

Answer 1

• auricle
• resonance of ear canal
• ratio of surface area of TM to footplate of stapes
• lever action of ossicular chain

Question 2

what is the modality used in universal hearing screening?

Answer 2

cochlear microphonic (OAE)

Question 3

are OAE and ABRs measures of hearing?

Answer 3

NO - because hearing requires perception (unless someone is consciously acknowledging that they heard it, you are not measuring hearing)

(you are measuring pathways)

Question 4

how is the sensory experience of hearing measured?

Answer 4

behavioral audiogram

Question 5

what are the components tested in behavioral audiograms?

Answer 5

• hearing level for each frequency
• speech reception threshold
• speech discrimination or word recognition

Question 6

at what age can you start doing behavioral audiograms on a child? what is the name of that test called?

Answer 6

• 6 months

- visual reinforcement audiogram

Question 7

what is an audiogram?

Answer 7

• graphic representation of hearing
• normogram for select frequencies designed to best reflect hearing necessary for language
• normogram for frequency

Question 8

what are the qualitative descriptors for hearing loss?

Answer 8

• normal
• mild
• moderate
• moderately severe
• severe
• profound

Question 9

what does sensorineural hearing loss look like on an audiogram?

Answer 9

both air and bone conduction values are lowered (thresholds ELEVATED)

Question 10

what does conductive hearing loss look like on an audiogram?

Answer 10

there is an air-bone gap

Question 11

what test is becoming the gold standard for documentation of middle ear status? what does it measure specifically?

Answer 11

• tympanometry

- compliance (impedence) of TM at varying pressures below, at, and above atmospheric pressure

Question 12

what is the most common cause of pediatric conductive hearing loss?

Answer 12

middle ear effusion

Question 13

what is the most common cause of pediatric sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 13

congenital

Question 14

what is the correction for mild hearing loss?

Answer 14

watch and wait

Question 15

what is the correction for moderate hearing loss?

Answer 15

• surgery: middle ear fluid, TM perforation

- hearing amplification (2nd line)

Question 16

what is the correction for severe hearing loss?

Answer 16

• surgery
• amplification
• cochlear implant

Question 17

at what level of hearing loss is a cochlear implant considered?

Answer 17

severe

Question 18

what is the correction for profound hearing loss?

Answer 18

• cochlear implant

- total communication

Question 19

what is done for

• unilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss
• bilateral conductive hearing loss that cannot be amplifed?

Answer 19

BAHA device

Question 20

a BAHA device is used for what conditions?

Answer 20

• unilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss

- bilateral conductive hearing loss that cannot be amplifed

Question 21

what is a BAHA device?

Answer 21

• osteointegrated temporal bone implant?
• transcutaneous or subdermal magnet
• allows for direct stimulation of cochlea
• in bilateral conductive hearing loss it will stimulate ipsilateral cochlea
• in unilateral SNHL it will stimulate the contralateral intact cochlea