Environmental/Nutrition - Review

Question 1

EIDs that have recently entered humans

Answer 1

HIV and SARS

Question 2

EIDs with recent increase in humans

Answer 2

dengue fever

Question 3

majority of EIDs

Answer 3

bacteria and rickettsia

Question 4

climate change cause what

Answer 4

cardiovasc, cerebrovasc, resp diseases

gastroenteritis

vector borne infectious disease

malnutrition

Question 5

most solvents and drugs

Answer 5

lipophilic

blood - lipoprotein transport

penetrate plasma membranes

Question 6

CYP inhibitors

Answer 6

fasting and starvation

Question 7

altered mucociliary clearance in adults

Answer 7

acid aerosols

Question 8

lung inflammation

Answer 8

ozone in healthy adults and children

Question 9

increased asthma attacks

Answer 9

particulates

Question 10

individuals with chronic lung disease

Answer 10

increased mortality - sulfur dioxide

decreased lung function - particulates

Question 11

athletes and outdoor workers decreased capacity

Answer 11

ozone

Question 12

6 outdoor air pollutants

Answer 12

sulfur dioxide
ozone
nitrogen dioxide
particulates
lead
CO

all make up smog

Question 13

wrist drop and foot drop in adults

Answer 13

peripheral demyelinating neuropathy

lead poisoning

Question 14

basophilic stipling of RBCs

Answer 14

lead poisoning

Question 15

minimata disease

Answer 15

mercury poisoning

cerebral palsy, binldness, mental retardation, CNS defects in utero
-developing brain extremely sensitive to methyl mercury

intracellular glutatione
-thiol doner - protects against mercury induced CNS and kidney damage

Question 16

Tx of relapsing acute promyelocytic leukemia

Answer 16

arsenic trioxide

Question 17

exposure to arsenic

Answer 17

soil and water - bangladesh, chile, china

• mines and smelting
• preservers, herbicides, agro products

Question 18

sources of cadmium

Answer 18

mining, electroplating, battery production, zinc smelting`

Question 19

benzene exposure

Answer 19

leukemia

Question 20

organic solvents

Answer 20

chloroform and CCl4

• CNS depression
• low levels toxic to kidney and liver

Question 21

scrotal cancers

Answer 21

soot in chimney sweeps

Question 22

organochlorines

Answer 22

synthetic and lipophilic - resist degradation

ex/ DDT

endocrine disruptors

Question 23

chloracne

Answer 23

folliculutis and dermatosis

caused by dioxins and PCBs

around face and behind ears

PCBs also induce CYPs - altered drug metabolism

Question 24

pneumoconioses

Answer 24

non-neoplastic lung diseases caused by inhalation of mineral dust

coal dust, silica, asbestos, beryllium

often in workplace

Question 25

vinyl chloride

Answer 25

angiosarcoma of liver

Question 26

dioxins and PCBs

Answer 26

nonpesticide organochlorides

cause chloracne

Question 27

nicotine

Answer 27

alkaloid that causes release of catecholamines

increased HR and BP

Question 28

N-nitrosonornicotine

Answer 28

NNN
carcinogen in tobacco smoke

to esophagus and oral cavity

Question 29

smoking and alcohol use

Answer 29

increased risk of laryngeal cancer

Question 30

maternal smoking

Answer 30

increased spontaneous abortions and preterm births

growth retardation

Question 31

cotinine

Answer 31

to estimate passive smoke inhalation

Question 32

ADH

Answer 32

in cytosol of hepatocyte

Question 33

vit b1

Answer 33

thiamine deficiency

peripheral neuropathies

wernicke-korsakoff

with chronic alcoholics

Question 34

acute and chronic pancreatitis

Answer 34

with chronic alcohol use

Question 35

breast ca in HRT

Answer 35

lobular carcinomas

ductal-lobular cancer

Question 36

oral contraceptive reduces what anticoag factors

Answer 36

protein S

antithrombin III

Question 37

bleomycin

Answer 37

interstitial fibrosis