ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW

Question 1

Unpolluted dry air

Answer 1

78% nitrogen (NOA)
= 21% oxygen
= 1% ( argon, carbon dioxide, methane, neon hydrocarbons, helium, hydrogen and other gases in trace amounts)

Question 2

MAJOR CLASSES OF AIR POLLUTANTS

Answer 2

• PARTICULATE MATTER
• NITROGEN OXIDES
• SULFUR OXIDES
• CARBON OXIDES
• HYDROCARBONS
• OZONE
• AIR TOXICS
  (PNSCHOA)

Question 3

ATMOSPHERIC LAYER

Answer 3

(ETMST)

Question 4

HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (HAPs)

Answer 4

Vinyl Chloride
( plastic factories)
Beryllium (foundries, ceramic factory, incinerators) cancer
Asbestos
lung disease, cancer
Benzene
(from vehicle), cancer
Mercury
( burning coal, incineration
of garbage)
brain and kidney damage
Radionuclides
radioactive air pollutants
(VBABMR)

Question 5

SOURCES OF POLLUTION

Answer 5

• They can be produced naturally such as from forest fires, volcanoes, and sandstorms.
• They can also come from stationary sources. You can think of those as industrial such as factories.
• Finally, we have mobile sources such as cars and buses.

Question 6

• The EPA has set standards for the six criteria pollutants which include

Answer 6

CSPONL)
1.) Carbon Monoxide
2.) Sulfur Dioxide
3.) Particulate Matter
4.) Ozone
5.) Nitrogen Dioxide
6.) Lead

Question 7

Effects of Ambient Air Pollutant

Answer 7

1.) Human Health
2.) Building Facades and Other Exposed Materials
3.) Vegetation
4.) Agricultural Crops
5.) Animals
6.) Climate of the Earth
7.) Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystem

Question 8

• The short-term effects of air pollution on people’s health include

Answer 8

HNICT)
– headache
– nausea
– irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat
– coughing

Question 9

• Major sources of pollution:

Answer 9

– Plastics
– Industrial chemicals

Question 10

• These compounds can be found in

Answer 10

– Carpets
– Building materials
– Paints
– Furniture

Question 11

• Sick-building syndrome is a set of symptoms can affect workers in airtight office buildings:

Answer 11

– headache
– fatigue
– eye irritation
– dizziness

Question 12

PRIMARY AIR POLLUTANTS

Answer 12

• Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) * Carbon Monoxide CO
  o Odorless gas that is produced from combustion
• Nitrogen Oxides NOₓ
  o NO
  o NO₂
• Sulfur Dioxide SO₂
  o Produced from the combustion of coal
• Particulate Matter
  PM
  o Are small suspended particles
• Lead
  o Which we used to add to our gasoline

Question 13

3 Distinct Kinds of Air Sampling

Answer 13

Source sampling > performed at the location of the pollutant > - Chimney
- Ventilation system
- Tailpipe of an automobile

Also known as stack sampling if performed at
- Power plants
- Solid waste incinerator
- Factories(where the discharge comes from
chimney or smokestack)
2.) Indoor Sampling> sample pertains to the measurement of outdoor air pollution levels - serves as a basis for > a. assessing health effects,
b. determining compliance
with federal or state
ambient air quality
standards,
c. predicting the effect of
new sources of air
pollution
3.) Ambient Sampling > incudes industrial hygiene sampling and residential sampling > done to protect the health of the people in workplace (occupational/industrial) and residential ( private homes)

Question 14

Global Air Pollution

Answer 14

Local - up to a few km from a source and typically associated with pollutants
emitted in chimneystack smoke plumes, in automobile exhaust fumes and other factories
. Regional – up to 1000 km from the source and associated with the merging of
pollutant plumes and emissions from other localized source
Continental - up to a few thousand km from the source , an inter- change of pollutants
between the troposphere and and stratosphere is possible in this scale
. Global - more than a few thousand km from the source and potentially
throughout the entire atmosphere