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Flashcards in EPS 202 Midterm Deck (52)
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1
Q

Environmental Attitudes

A

Ideas on the role of human beings within a planetary ecology

2
Q

Worldview

A

How one sees and interprets the world

3
Q

Technocentrism

A

The idea that scientific reasoning and advancement is most important. It is okay to exploit nature for its resources. Born out of the industrial revolution.

4
Q

Ecocentrism

A

Respect for nature and other living things. Natural systems should be left alone with no disruption

5
Q

Natural Morality

A

human behavior should occur within limits imposed by natural environment

6
Q

Prehistoric overkill/Blitzkrieg

A

Extinction of large animals was caused by

human hunting in prehistoric period

7
Q

Medieval view of man and nature

A

Man’s dominion of man over nature; christianity being anthropocentric, and spread of christianity in the west

8
Q

Westward Expansion

A

The 1800’s-1850’s was a period of great expansion, urbanization, industrialization, westward migration, and railroad construction.

9
Q

Transcendentalism

A

Rejects industrialization and capitalism, seeks to find beauty in nature

10
Q

Henry David Thoreau

A

Writer of Walden Pond, advised people to reject fashion and live a simple life with nature

11
Q

Ancient Greek/Roman/Chinese view on Nature

A

They wanted to find beauty in nature

12
Q

Events fueling the environmental movement in 1969

A

Cuyahoga River Fire, Santa Barbara Oil Spill

13
Q

Rachel Carson

A

Author of Silent Spring, a book that fueled the environmental movement

14
Q

Post Materialism

A

The theory that babies born after WWII/1945 don’t have the same penny pinching tendencies as their grandparents. They were more interested in individualism and self expression

15
Q

Risk Society

A

The observation that many political affairs after WWII were centered on economics

16
Q

Technological Risk/Environmental Risk

A

Risk involving technical failures, like power plant meltdowns and dams breaking. Or, the effects of climate change

17
Q

Dominant Social Padigram

A

The idea that humans exert complete control over everything

18
Q

New Environmental Padigram

A

The idea that humans should express humility toward the environment

19
Q

Tragedy of the Commons

A

Problems with no clear solution, like breeding or pollution

20
Q

Wilderness

A

An unsettled, uncultivated region left in its natural condition

21
Q

George Perkins Marsh

A

Environmentalist who looked to preservation in Europe. Differentiated between man-made and natural causes of things

22
Q

John Muir

A

Environmentalist and founder of the Sierra Club who believed in preservation, aka leave wilderness as it is

23
Q

Gifford Pinchot

A

Conservationist who believed in efficient land usage while still being environmentally friendly

24
Q

National forest

A

Lands preserved by the US government

25
Q

Hetch Hetchy

A

The valley debate for preservation vs. conservation, where conservation would mean making it a reservoir for San Francisco. The conservation movement won

26
Q

Earth First

A

Radical environmental movement aimed at protecting the environment. Uses the monkey wrenching technique to protect endangered wild lands.

27
Q

Sustainable Yield

A

The periodic output of a land in a way so that productivity is not impaired

28
Q

Wilderness Act of 1964

A

Protected lands in the US from rapid development occurring at the time.

29
Q

Science of Ecology

A

Aldo Leopold’s idea of the ethics relying on the individual being a part of independent communities

30
Q

Dave Foreman

A

Founder of Earth First

31
Q

Earth Liberation Front

A

Radical group known for doing anything possible to protect wildlife

32
Q

Biosphere 2

A

An artificial environment in tuscan with a variety of climates that could not sustain its inhabitants without outside help

33
Q

Provisioning Services

A

Production of food, fuel, and fiber. Involves hu,an enterprises like agriculture

34
Q

Regulating services

A

Benefits obtained from the services that ecosystems provide, such as climate and floods

35
Q

Cultural Services

A

Recreation, tourism, scenery, and spiritual events

36
Q

Supporting Services

A

Functions necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services

37
Q

Millenium Ecosystem Assessment

A

(MA) Handled by the UN, assessed the consequences of ecosystem change for human well- being and the scientific basis for action needed to enhance the conservation of these ecosystems

38
Q

MA Scenarios

A

Global Orchestration, Order from Strength, Adapting Mosaic, TechnoGarden. They will improve ecosystem strain.

39
Q

MA Findings

A

Most rapid change in past 50 years, changes have caused human gains at higher costs, degradation of ecosystem services could grow significantly worse in first half of this century, the changes will require significant policy change

40
Q

Thomas Malthus Population Theory

A

Population grows exponentially, so we are going to outstrip the world of food

41
Q

What caused the boom in population?

A

New sanitation practices, improvements in medicine, and economic growth/industrialization

42
Q

Age Structure

A

Number and proportion of people in each age group in a population

43
Q

Demographic Transition

A

Country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates

44
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

largest population that can be sustained indefinitely

45
Q

Trap of Underdevelopment

A

The interrelationship between population, poverty, and environmental decay in developing countries

46
Q

International Monetary Fund/World Bank

A

The international bank providing funds for projects in developing nations

47
Q

Structural Adjustment

A

Enhancing economic competitiveness by slashing government spending on social programs

48
Q

Substinence Farming

A

Providing goods that are needed locally

49
Q

Debt Crisis

A

Rising debt due to competitiveness among developing nations

50
Q

Slow Food

A

Food that is produced in a “good/clean” manner with no GMO’s

51
Q

Genetically modified foods

A

Foods that are modified for factory farming and processing. AKA Frankenfoods

52
Q

What reduces agricultural productivity?

A

Climate Change