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BMS109 Cell & Molecular > ER, Golgi & Secretion > Flashcards

ER, Golgi & Secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ER attached to?

A

nuclear envelope

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2
Q

What is the ER made of?

A

tubules and cisternae

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3
Q

What is the function of the ER

A

calcium store

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4
Q

What are located on the rough ER

A

ribosomes

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5
Q

What are translated on ribosomes?

A

transmembrane protein

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6
Q

What are the functions of the Rough ER?

A

Protein folding, storage, transport, detoxification

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7
Q

What does the rough ER store

A

proteins

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8
Q

What are the functions of the smooth ER?

A

phospholipid synthesis, steroid hormone production, synthesis & storage of glycerides and glycogen

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9
Q

Does the smooth ER store calcium?

A

YES

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10
Q

What do secretory granules contain (in acinar cells)?

A

digestive enzymes

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11
Q

What are secretory granules packed with digestive enzymes called?

A

zymogen granules

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12
Q

What causes vesicle fusion and enzyme release?

A

Ca2+ release

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13
Q

Is the release of calcium SUFFICIENT or NECESSARY to release digestive enzymes?

A

SUFFICIENT

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14
Q

What do zymogen granules fuse with?

A

plasma membrane

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15
Q

what happens when zymogen granules fuse with the plasma membrane?

A

digestive enzymes are released into the extracellular space

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16
Q

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

ER in muscle cells

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17
Q

How is mobilisation of calcium important for the cell

A

muscle contraction - interaction of calcium & troponin expose myosin binding site

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18
Q

What is the Golgi formed from?

A

Several flattened cisternae

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19
Q

Which face of the Golgi is close to the ER

A

forming face - cis face

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20
Q

From which face of the Golgi do vesicles bud off from?

A

Maturing face - trans face

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21
Q

Meaning of juxta-nuclear

A

lies close to the nucleus

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22
Q

TRUE or FALSE - Golgi is juxtanuclear

A

TRUE

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23
Q

How do cisternae communicate with the ER and cell membrane

A

Using vesicles and tubules

24
Q

What is the function/s of the Golgi

A

modify and package secretions, renewal & modification of PM, deliver material to organelles & PM

25
Q

What are the three types of vesicle coats

A

COPI, COPII, and clathrin

26
Q

What is the function of vesicle coats

A

aid formation of the vesicle

27
Q

What do vesicle coats prevent

A

fusion

28
Q

When are vesicle coats discarded?

A

before fusion with target

29
Q

Where are t-SNAREs located

A

target membrane

30
Q

Where are v-SNAREs located

A

vesicle membrane

31
Q

What are the functions of SNAREs?

A

promote fusion, ensure each vesicle goes to the right place

32
Q

What type of proteins are SNAREs

A

transmembrane proteins with large cytoplasmic domains

33
Q

What happens when two SNAREs fuse?

A

form alpha helical bundles, membranes are close together

34
Q

Where does fusion of SNAREs usually occur?

A

Nerve terminals for the docking of synaptic vesicles

35
Q

What are the two models for progression through the golgi?

A

vesicular transport model, cisternal maturation

36
Q

What are the three pathways controlling movement of vesicles?

A

Signal mediated diversion to lysosomes, constitutive secretory pathway, signal mediated diversion to secretory vesicles

37
Q

What forms COPII vesicles

A

ER exit sites

38
Q

What is the function of endocytosis

A

take up large components

39
Q

What are lysosomes full of

A

hydrolytic enzymes

40
Q

What is the function of lysosomes

A

hydrolyses and lipases

41
Q

What is the function of pseudopods?

A

engulfing

42
Q

What are pseudopods?

A

arms that come out of the cell

43
Q

What is key for function of the endocytic pathway

A

gradient of pH

44
Q

Describe phagocytosis

A

uptake of really large particles

45
Q

What is frustrated phagocytosis

A

when associated macrophages dont fuse

46
Q

What type of signalling does phagocytosis use

A

autonomous

47
Q

Describe dictyostelium

A

express actin related protein

48
Q

What is macropinocytosis

A

ruffling of the membrane

49
Q

what is the function of macropinocytosis

A

trap and internalise material

50
Q

Describe the receptors on LDLs

A

internalised

51
Q

What can clathrin be easily purified from

A

bovine brain or placenta

52
Q

Describe the structure of clathrin coated pits

A

hexagonal and pentagonal - polymerises to form lattice

53
Q

Why is clathrin coat removed

A

to allow access to SNAREs

54
Q

What is the function of dynamin

A

helps pinch off clathrin coated vesicles

55
Q

What is the function of Rab proteins

A

define intracellular organelles and ensure they maintain their identity

56
Q

What is the function of dictyostelium

A

take up yeast and mobilise actin cytoskeleton

BMS109 Cell & Molecular (26 decks)

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